noun:

• Lamarckian evolutionary theory in which individuals lose characteristics that are not used and develop characteristics that are often used ➜ ラマルク説

expression:

• pride goes before a fall; pride comes before a fall; the proud Heike family does not last long [literal] - proverb

expression:

• pride goes before a fall; pride comes before a fall; the proud Heike family does not last long [literal] - proverb ➜ 奢る平家久しからず【おごるへいけひさしからず】

expression / adjective:

• to ignore; to take no notice of; to give the cold shoulder to; to not associate with; to snub; to refuse to deal with

expression:

• a great distance does not detract from the feeling (relationship) of endearment; feeling as though a dear one faraway were living in one's close neighborhood - four character idiom

godan ~る verb:

• to act tough; to act bad; to act worse than one really is

suffix:

• first-person plural (or singular) - humble language
• second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to) - derogatory term

noun:

• clearance hole (hole for a bolt, screw, etc., which is large enough to allow the thread, etc. to pass through)

suffix noun:

• used after the name of someone who is an older brother figure - familiar language

noun:

• used with various honorifics to mean (older) brother ➜ お兄さん

suffix noun:

• used after the name of someone who is an older sister figure - familiar language ➜ 兄【にい】

noun:

• used with various honorifics to mean (older) sister ➜ お姉さん

noun:

• treating somebody as one's own daughter; someone who is treated as a daughter
• woman who manages geisha (Edo period) - archaism

noun:

• picking up a bowl with one's right hand which is already holding one's chopsticks (a breach of etiquette) - obscure term

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander aimlessly; to knock around; to hang around
• to be confused from not knowing what to do

noun:

• Japanese bondage torture (bound victim sits cross-legged with their arms tied behind them, and the rope is tightened until their ankles touch their neck)

noun:

• making great haste, having been caught off guard; scurrying unprepared
• rushing to an emergency with sword in hand, not having had time to affix it at the waist

noun:

• (being a) fan of an entire music group (esp. idol group); not having a favorite member of a group - slang ➜ 推し【おし】・単推し

noun:

• cosmic bowling; bowling in a bowling alley that is lit up like a disco with lots of flashing lights

godan ~す verb:

• to excuse oneself; to take one's leave ➜ 辞する
• to quit; to resign; to retire; to leave post
• to decline; to turn down
• to not hesitate - adjectivally as 〜を辞さず, etc.

noun:

• cleaning dust etc. from rooms; housecleaning
• (the traditional Japanese end-of-the-year, 13th December) big house cleaning; spring cleaning (only not in spring) ➜ 煤掃き

noun:

• children's game in which the aim is to occupy the other's home base
• taking a place; securing a position

noun:

• first visit of a child to the shrine of its tutelary deity (usu. when the child is about 30 days old) ➜ 宮参り

noun:

• younger woman (usu. 20-30 years old) who is physically attracted to mature older men (usu. 50-60 years old) - from 枯れたおじいさん専門

noun:

• pad placed below the sheet on which a seal is to be pressed - used to make the seal's imprint clearer

noun:

• (crime of) incapacitated rape; crime of sexual assault against somebody who is intoxicated, asleep or otherwise unable to consent or resist - Law term

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect - abbreviation ➜ 放って置く