godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze - esp. 絞る
• to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk - esp. 搾る
• to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
• to extort; to exploit
• to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke - often passive voice ➜ 油を絞る
• to drill into; to train
• to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
• to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
• to stop down (lens)
• to turn down (e.g. radio)
• to bend (bow); to draw
• to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize - Sumo term

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to come down - esp. 下りる
• to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to disembark; to dismount - esp. 降りる
• to step down; to retire; to give up; to quit
• to be granted; to be issued; to be given - esp. 下りる
• to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.) - esp. 降りる
• to be passed (from the body; e.g. of a roundworm) - esp. 下りる ➜ 下り物

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to see everything; to see all
• to abandon; to give up ➜ 見限る【みかぎる】
• to sell at a loss; to sell off

expression / ichidan verb:

• to greet; to call out (to); to start talking (to)
• to invite; to get in touch (with); to give a shout (to); to let (somebody) know (one is in the area or has time to meet, etc.)
• to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to collect (debts); to dun; to exact; to extort
• to appoint; to promote; to give patronage
• to emphasize; to focus on; to call attention to ➜ 取り立てて

godan ~つ verb / transitive:

• to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to hit (e.g. baseball); to break wind
• to set free; to release; to let loose
• to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
• to send out (a person to carry out a duty)
• to set fire to - in the form 火を放つ ➜ 火を放つ

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze); to be used in a certain place (e.g. money)
• to be omitted; to be missing
• to decrease; to sink
• to fail (e.g. exam or class); to lose (contest, election, etc.)
• to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind
• to become indecent (of a conversation)
• to be ruined; to go under
• to fade; to come out (e.g. a stain); to come off (e.g. makeup); to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list) ➜ 狐が落ちる【きつねがおちる】
• to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession
• to fall (into a trap); to fall (for a trick)
• to give in; to give up; to confess; to flee
• to fall; to be defeated; to surrender
• to come to (in the end); to end in
• to fall (in love, asleep, etc.) ➜ 恋に落ちる【こいにおちる】・眠りに落ちる【ねむりにおちる】
• to swoon (judo)
• to consent; to understand ➜ 腑に落ちない【ふにおちない】
• to crash; to freeze - IT term
• to die - of animals
• to move to the depths - of fish when it gets cold

noun:

• present; gift

~する noun:

• to give a present or gift

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to break; to be broken; to snap; to fracture
• to be folded
• to give in; to back down; to yield; to submit
• to turn (a corner) ➜ 曲がる

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to supply (goods, money, etc.); to cover (costs); to pay; to finance; to maintain (e.g. a family)
• to give board; to provide meals

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to let leak; to reveal
• to wet one's pants
• to give utterance; to vent; to express
• to omit; to leave out

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to throw down; to throw out; to stretch out (one's legs)
• to abandon; to resign
• to give freely; to give generously; to sacrifice (e.g. one's life)
• to start to throw

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to lose one's way ➜ 道に迷う
• to waver; to hesitate; to be of two minds over; to be puzzled; to be perplexed ➜ 迷い
• to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
• to turn in one's grave

noun:

• incarnation; embodiment; avatar; personification

~する noun:

• to give concrete form to; to embody; to realize

noun:

• godparent
• first person to give something its name

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to ripen
• to give one's everything; to make one's best effort - idiom ➜ 身が入る

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to wind (e.g. a watch)
• to give (somebody) a good prodding; to make (somebody) shape up - idiom

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to dodge (e.g. a question); to evade; to sidestep
• to give (someone) the slip

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to strike; to hit
• to give hell to

expression / ichidan verb:

• to make a road
• to give an elementary lesson

expression / ichidan verb:

• to build up one's strength; to get stronger
• to give (someone) strength; to cheer (someone) up; to encourage (someone)

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to perform the last rites over the deceased
• to give someone their final notice (e.g. when firing them); to give someone the final word

noun:

• breaking up a match on doctor's orders (in boxing, etc.) - From English "doctor stop"
• being ordered by one's doctor to give up such habits as drinking, smoking, overeating, etc.

yodan ~く verb (archaic):

• to make a noise; to make a racket - archaism
• to give a heartfelt reception; to welcome; to entertain - archaism - Kantō dialect

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be slightly inferior; to be a degree worse
• to give an inch; to make a concession; to concede a point