noun:

• tax exemption for a child under the age of 16

noun:

• using the Chinese-reading of kanji to represent native Japanese words (irrespective of the kanji's actual meaning) ➜ 万葉仮名

noun / ~の noun:

• the coldest season (weather)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to throw down the gauntlet

noun:

• soup served at the end of a traditional Japanese dinner; last soup served in a Kaiseki course (often miso soup) ➜ 会席料理

noun:

• wearing next to the skin (e.g. shoes without socks, trousers without underwear)

noun:

• end of the fiscal year; end of the school year

noun:

• within the prefecture (of Kyoto or Osaka)
• within the town limits of Edo - archaism ➜ 御府内

noun:

• the Twenty-Two Shrines; the 22 most important Shinto shrines, as designated during the Heian period - Shintō term

noun:

• phrases, etc. at the ends of letters, etc.

expression:

• it's tactless to state the obvious; that's best left unsaid

noun:

• the prime of one's career

godan ~る verb:

• to hit the bullseye (of tastes, humour, etc.)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to weigh one thing against the other; to act in consideration of; to compare and take into consideration

noun:

• adjusting the height of eyeglasses (e.g. using nose pads)

expression:

• the importance of creating an environment conducive to a child's learning

expression:

• to the trained eye

noun:

• scum of the earth; monster; fiend

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to have the nerve to; to be bastard enough to - after the -masu stem of a verb; indicates contempt or disdain - derogatory term - Kansai dialect

noun:

• day on which the temperature fails to reach 0 degrees Centigrade

noun:

• wrestler waiting at the ringside - Sumo term

noun:

• the Essenes

expression:

• what the hell are you saying? - Kansai dialect

noun:

• slip of the tongue; misstatement

noun:

• losing the means of livelihood
• a samurai's annual rice stipend being suspended - archaism
• (in fishing) the fish swimming upward after biting the fishhook