godan ~う verb (spec.) / transitive:

• to ask; to inquire
• to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to pursue (question of responsibility); to charge with
• to care about; to regard as important - used in neg. form ➜ 問わず
• to call into question; to doubt; to question - usu. in passive form

noun:

• miso lees; miso strainings; miso dregs
• child who is made light of; child who is left out of games; immature child or person; good-for-nothing

noun / ~する noun:

• buying books and not reading them; stockpiling books

noun:

• books bought but not read

noun / ~する noun:

• presenting; presentation

noun:

• Dear (so and so); Dear Sir; Dear Madam; To Whom It May Concern - salutation of a formal letter - honorific language

expression / ichidan verb:

• to weigh on a scale
• to weigh up options; to compare pros and cons

godan ~る verb:

• to begin to crumble
• to crumble and fall (or collapse) onto another object

noun:

• ANZAC; Anzac; Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (WWI)
• Anzac biscuit (type of oatmeal biscuit) ➜ アンザックビスケット

noun:

• unflavored rice porridge; rice porridge made of only white rice and water - Food term ➜ 粥

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to wear out and discard
• to kick off (e.g. shoes); to fling off ➜ 脱ぎ捨てる【ぬぎすてる】

ichidan verb:

• to keep talking; to go on and on; to talk non-stop

godan ~る verb:

• to become greasy; to become oily
• to be loud and garish

noun:

• baldness; bald head
• children's hairstyle of short untied hair; children with short untied hair ［かぶろ・かむろ］
• young girl working as a servant for a high-class prostitute (Edo period) ［かぶろ・かむろ］ ➜ 太夫・天神
• idiot; moron - derogatory term - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• Edo-period form of torture in which criminals were stuffed into straw bags with their heads exposed, piled together, and whipped (commonly used on Christians)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to seclude oneself; to hide away; to stay inside (one's shell)
• to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.)
• to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be stuffy; to be dense
• to be muffled (e.g. voice)
• to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
• to confine oneself in a temple to pray

noun:

• someone who made a short trip to America; going to America just long enough for a pee (ref. to short USA trip after WWII to boost one's credentials) - obsolete term - derogatory term ➜ 小便【しょんべん】

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze - esp. 絞る
• to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk - esp. 搾る
• to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
• to extort; to exploit
• to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke - often passive voice ➜ 油を絞る
• to drill into; to train
• to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
• to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
• to stop down (lens)
• to turn down (e.g. radio)
• to bend (bow); to draw
• to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize - Sumo term

noun:

• go-on; Wu reading; on reading of a kanji based on 5th and 6th century Chinese ➜ 漢音【かんおん】・唐音【とうおん】・呉【ご】

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to write and throw away; to write carelessly; to begin writing then stop part-way through

noun / ~の noun:

• certain amount; some ［なにがし］ - usu. in the form なにがしか

pronoun:

• certain person; Mr So-and-so; a certain ...
• I; me ［なにがし］ - humble language - archaism

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to gain a reliable foundation and be in a safe condition; to board a large ship [literal]

noun:

• style of polite speech in Japanese (with sentences ending in "desu" and verbs ending in "masu")

noun:

• style of polite speech in Japanese (with sentences ending in "desu" and verbs ending in "masu") ➜ です体

noun:

• senior priest (of a Shinto shrine, below chief priest and deputy chief priest) - Shintō term ➜ 宮司・神主
• grasshopper; locust - obscure term

noun:

• breakfast set (often a drink and toast); breakfast special; special breakfast offer - From English "morning set"

adverb:

• noisily; clamorously; boisterously - onomatopoeia
• incessantly (complaining, pestering, etc.); going on and on; making a fuss (of something); playing up - onomatopoeia
• loudly (crying); wailing; bawling; howling - onomatopoeia