auxiliary verb:

• indicates recollection or realization (i.e. of hearsay or the past); can form a poetic past tense
• indicates continuation from the past to the present
• end; conclusion - also written with the ateji 鳧

noun / ~する noun:

• reaching a stopping place; settling down (before the next stage); getting to a point where one can rest; completing the first stage (of the work)

noun:

• one paragraph

noun:

• chilled syrup; soft drink of malt syrup mixed with boiling water, ginger juice, grated ginger, sometimes sprinkled with cinnamon (used as a refreshing summer drink, similar to ginger ale) - Food term ➜ 飴湯

noun:

• first lunar month ➜ 睦月
• first month
• first moon of the month; new moon

noun:

• Diet member who succeeded a parent; Diet member who comes from a family of politicians; hereditary Diet member [literal]

noun:

• desk pad; sheet of plastic (or cardboard, felt, etc.) placed under writing paper; underlay
• being pinned under; being caught under; being trapped under; being buried under; being crushed beneath
• model; pattern - often as 〜を下敷きにして

noun:

• inscription on the bathtub of King Tang ("If you can renovate yourself one day, then you can do so every day, and keep doing so day after day.")

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to cool (from room temperature); to chill; to refrigerate
• to calm down; to cool off; to regain one's composure; to relax
• to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)

noun:

• carapace; shell
• 1st in rank; grade A
• instep; back of hand
• the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; plaintiff (label in legal documents) ➜ 乙【おつ】

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to say incorrectly; to use the wrong words; to make a slip of the tongue
• to forget to say; to miss one's chance to say

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to shake; to jolt; to rock; to swing; to sway
• to shake (e.g. the political world); to disturb; to shock; to upset
• to put off a batter (by varying one's type of pitch) - Baseball term

noun:

• burden of interest; interest burden; interest cost; interest payment burden

noun / ~する noun:

• cheating on train fare by buying tickets covering only the first and last portions of the journey (so-called because traditional pipes had metal only in two short segments at the ends) ➜ 煙管乗り

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent
• to resonate clearly (e.g. voice)
• to become serene; to become tranquil; to be free of worries
• to pronounce as an unvoiced sound ➜ 清音

noun:

• model; dummy; mock-up
• model (profession); fashion model
• model (of a car, etc.); make; version
• model; example; template; standard
• model (in model theory); theory
• person a fictional character was modeled on; inspiration

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• failing to properly evaluate the (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the cause for the end; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; getting one's priorities backwards - four character idiom

noun:

• samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) ［さんまい］ - Buddhism term - From Sanskrit

suffix noun:

• being immersed in; being absorbed in; indulging in; doing to one's heart's content - usu. ざんまい
• prone to; apt to - usu. ざんまい

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to go back to the start; to reset; to restore; to return to the point (of a discussion); to return something (that has been moved) to previous place; to reconstitute

noun:

• the four major pollution-caused illnesses (Minamata disease, Niigata Minamata disease, Yokkaichi asthma, Itai-itai disease); four big pollution diseases of Japan ➜ 水俣病・第二水俣病・四日市ぜんそく・イタイイタイ病

expression:

• despite having waited a long time; in spite of having waited a long time

noun / ~する noun:

• decommissioning (of a nuclear reactor, furnace, incinerator etc.); decommissioned nuclear reactor (or furnace, incinerator, etc.)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to exterminate; to eradicate; to wipe out; to put an end to
• to let (fire) go out; to let die (e.g. flowers); to run out of

expression / ichidan verb:

• to frustrate (e.g. someone's plans); to give someone a surprise; to give someone a blow; to scare the hell out of

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to keep a fine house; to put up a front; to make the front of the house nice (and be pretentious about it)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to bother; to embarrass; to harass; to give someone a hard time; to give someone a lot of trouble