noun:

• collision; bumping into
• head-to-head training; drill consisting of pushing and being pushed; battering practice - abbreviation - Sumo term ➜ ぶつかり稽古

expression / adverb:

• anywhere; here and there

expression / ~の noun:

• common; run-of-the-mill; ordinary

noun:

• influence; effect

~する noun:

• to influence; to affect; to have an influence on; to impact; to have an effect on

noun / adjectival noun:

• elegance; dandyism; sophistication; having style
• affectation; showing off; putting on an air; appearances; doing something just for show

noun:

• married couple; spouses; husband and wife; couple; pair

prefix noun:

• his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman) ［めおと］ ➜ 夫婦茶碗

adjectival noun:

• abundant; wealthy; plentiful; rich; affluent

suffix / adjectival noun:

• very; extremely; full of; great ➜ 個性豊か【こせいゆたか】

adverb / pronoun:

• where; which; who
• anyway; anyhow; at any rate

adverb:

• sooner or later; eventually; one of these days; at some future date or time

pronoun:

• both; either; any; all; whichever

noun:

• ticket window; teller window; counter
• contact person; point of contact

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to aim at
• to be after (something); to have an eye on

noun:

• equation; formula
• method for solving a problem; set way of achieving a particular result

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to pass (e.g. car); to overtake ➜ 追い抜く【おいぬく】
• to surpass; to outstrip; to get ahead of; to outdistance ➜ 追い抜く【おいぬく】

conjunction:

• in addition; furthermore
• above (which); on top of (which)

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to munch; to crunch
• to dabble in; to have a smattering of

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• the other day; some time ago; recently

expression:

• prior to; in advance of ［さきだって］ ➜ 先立つ【さきだつ】

noun:

• ball (for sport, games, etc.)
• kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan ［鞠・毬］ ➜ 蹴鞠

noun / suffix noun:

• edge; brink; verge; side - pronounced ぎわ when a suffix
• time; moment of

noun / ~の noun:

• head; chief

noun:

• chairman; governor; president ［主席］
• top student; head of the class ［首席］
• top seat; first desk (in orchestra)

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• raising the curtain Antonym: 閉幕【へいまく】

noun / ~する noun:

• opening (of an event); start of a season Antonym: 閉幕【へいまく】

noun / suffix noun:

• rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
• profit
• assignment
• 10%; unit of ten percent
• match; schedule of matches - Sumo term

suffix noun:

• diluted with (of drinks); mixed with ➜ 水割り

noun:

• white paper; flyleaf

noun / ~の noun:

• blank paper

noun:

• clean slate; lack of prior opinion, positions, etc.
• scratch; beginning ➜ 白紙に戻す

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations) ［応える・報える］
• to affect; to take a toll; to strike home; to have an effect on; to be hard on someone (e.g. heat, cold, work, illness, etc.); to be a strain - sometimes 堪える ➜ 堪える

~の noun / noun:

• unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; deserted Antonym: 有人

noun / adjectival noun:

• shorthandedness; lack of help ［ぶにん・むにん］ - むにん only adj-no

noun:

• carapace; shell
• 1st in rank; grade A
• instep; back of hand
• the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; plaintiff (label in legal documents) ➜ 乙【おつ】

noun / ~する noun:

• loss in weight (esp. body weight); weight reduction
• loss in quantity; reduction of quantity

noun:

• parallel lines
• remaining far apart (e.g. in discussions); not reaching an agreement