noun:

• origin; source - usu. 元
• base; basis; foundation; root - esp. 基
• cause - also 因, 原
• ingredient; material - esp. 素
• (somebody's) side; (somebody's) location ［元］
• original cost (or capital, principal, etc.)
• (plant) root; (tree) trunk
• first section of a waka ➜ 和歌

counter:

• counter for blades of grass, tree trunks, etc., and for falcons (in falconry) ［本］

noun:

• handle (chopsticks, brush, etc.); grip

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

• to tie; to bind; to link
• to bear (fruit) ➜ 実を結ぶ
• to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to conclude
• to connect (two distant places)
• to close tightly; to purse (e.g. lips)
• to unite (with); to ally; to join hands

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to point
• to nominate; to select someone; to specify some person
• to identify; to indicate; to point out
• to play (a game of shogi); to move (a piece) - Shōgi term
• to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance) ➜ 差す

adjective:

• dull (e.g. a knife); blunt ［にぶい］
• thickheaded; obtuse; stupid - のろい is usu. in kana
• dull (sound, color, etc.); dim (light) ［にぶい］
• slow; sluggish; inert; lethargic
• indulgent (esp. to the opposite sex); doting ［のろい］

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to rub; to crumple
• to massage
• to argue; to have a heated discussion
• to train; to coach
• to jostle; to crowd; to shake; to rock
• to have various experiences (out in the world) - as もまれる

noun / ~する noun:

• accommodation; reception; housing
• seating
• custody (e.g. awaiting deportation); internment
• admission; hospitalization
• entering (e.g. in dictionary)

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to row; to scull; to paddle ➜ 舟を漕ぐ
• to pedal (e.g. bicycle)
• to swing (on a swing)
• to operate a hand pump
• to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)

noun:

• proof; evidence; sign; testimony; vindication

suffix noun:

• certificate; license; membership card ［しょう］

~する noun:

• to testify (usu. Christian religious context) ［あかし］

noun:

• enlightenment ［しょう］ - Buddhism term
• symptoms (in Chinese medicine); patient's condition ［しょう］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be duplicated; to be repeated ➜ ダブル
• to overlap; to fall together (of dates, etc.); to coincide
• to repeat (a failed course, school year, etc.)
• to make a double play - Baseball term ➜ ダブルプレー
• to make a double fault (in tennis) - Sports term ➜ ダブルフォールト

noun:

• super
• supermarket - abbreviation
• superimpose - abbreviation
• superheterodyne - abbreviation
• (film with) subtitles

noun / ~する noun:

• landing; unloading (e.g. a ship) ➜ 陸揚げ

noun:

• catch (of fish); takings ➜ 漁獲量
• sales (of a shop) ➜ 売上高

noun / ~する noun:

• defloration (e.g. of a geisha)
• preservation (of cut flowers, in ikebana)

noun / ~の noun:

• leader
• reader; reading book
• reader (i.e. someone who reads)

noun:

• microreader - abbreviation ➜ マイクロリーダー
• dotted line (in printing); leaders; ellipsis mark ➜ 点線【てんせん】

noun:

• dregs; sediment; grounds; meal
• lees (esp. sake) - often 粕
• leftovers; by-product
• worthless item; thing of little to no value
• dregs (e.g. of society); scum; dross
• card only worth 1 point (in hanafuda) ➜ カス札

noun:

• chance; opportunity

noun / suffix noun:

• machine
• aircraft

counter:

• counter for aircraft
• counter for remaining lives (in video games)

noun / prefix:

• both (e.g. both shoulders, etc.)

noun:

• ryo (obsolete unit of currency)
• 41-42 g (one sixteenth of a kin) ➜ 斤
• 2 tan (measure of fabric size) ➜ 反【たん】

counter:

• counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles - also written 輛 and 輌

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair, height, grass, etc.)
• to straighten out; to be flattened; to become smooth
• to spread (of paint, cream, etc.)
• to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
• to lose elasticity; to become slack; to become soggy (e.g. noodles)
• to make progress; to develop; to expand; to increase; to improve ［伸びる］
• to be exhausted; to be groggy; to pass out; to collapse ［伸びる］
• to be prolonged (meeting, life span, etc.); to be extended (e.g. deadline); to lengthen (e.g. of the days) ［延びる］
• to be postponed; to be delayed; to be put off ［延びる］

noun:

• abdomen; belly; stomach
• womb ➜ 胎【はら】
• one's mind; one's real intentions; one's true motive
• courage; nerve; willpower
• generosity; magnanimity
• feelings; emotions
• wide middle part; bulging part
• inside; interior; inner part
• anti-node - Physics term

suffix / counter:

• counter for hard roe
• counter for containers with bulging middles (pots, vases, etc.)

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to eat - male language
• to live; to make a living; to survive
• to bite; to sting (as insects do)
• to tease; to torment; to taunt; to make light of; to make fun of
• to encroach on; to eat into; to consume
• to defeat a superior; to threaten a position
• to consume time and-or resources
• to receive something (usu. an unfavourable event) - colloquialism
• to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time - male language - vulgar

noun / prefix / suffix:

• medium; average; middle

noun:

• moderation
• middle school - abbreviation ➜ 中一・中学校
• China - abbreviation ➜ 中国
• volume two (of three) - abbreviation ➜ 中巻

suffix noun:

• during (a certain time when one did or is doing something); under (construction, etc.); while ➜ 話し中
• in; out of (e.g. three out of ten people) ➜ 中【じゅう】

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to knead; to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame)
• to polish (a plan, etc.); to refine; to elaborate; to work out
• to train; to drill; to exercise
• to gloss (silk); to soften; to degum ［練る］
• to tan (leather)
• to temper (steel) - also written as 錬る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to walk in procession; to parade; to march - also written as 邌る

noun:

• penis - children's language ➜ おちんちん・ちんぼ

adverb / ~と adverb:

• chink; jingle; tinkle; whistle (kettle) - onomatopoeia

noun / ~する noun:

• begging (animal)

noun:

• jealousy
• black porgy juvenile ➜ クロダイ
• flirting; fondling ➜ ちんちんかもかも
• children's game in which one hops on one foot ➜ ちんちんもがもが

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
• or; whether or not - after each alternative
• some- (e.g. something, someone) - after an interrogative ➜ 何か
• hmm; huh - indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles ➜ とか

prefix:

• very - emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective ➜ か弱い

suffix:

• -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y - suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word ➜ 定か

adverb:

• in that way - archaism

noun:

• commercial paper; CP ➜ コマーシャルペーパー
• communist party; CP ➜ 共産党
• cerebral palsy; cerebral paralysis; CP ➜ 脳性麻痺
• counterpurchase ➜ カウンターパーチェス
• cleaner production ➜ クリーナープロダクション
• compliance program ➜ コンプライアンスプログラム
• charge parity; C parity; CP - Physics term
• shipping; pairing of characters in a romantic relationship (in fan fiction, manga, etc.) ➜ カップリング

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to come near; to let someone approach
• to bring near; to bring together; to collect; to gather
• to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to contribute; to donate
• to let someone drop by
• to add (numbers)
• to have feelings for (love, goodwill, trust, etc.)
• to rely upon for a time; to depend on
• to use as a pretext
• to put aside
• to press; to push; to force
• to include; to welcome (in a group); to let in - Kansai dialect

noun:

• hand; arm - occ. pronounced た when a prefix ➜ お手【おて】
• forepaw; foreleg - colloquialism ➜ お手【おて】
• handle
• hand; worker; help
• trouble; care; effort
• means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship
• hand; handwriting
• kind; type; sort
• one's hands; one's possession ➜ 手に入る
• ability to cope ➜ 手に余る
• hand (of cards)
• direction ➜ 山の手

noun / suffix noun / counter:

• move (in go, shogi, etc.)