counter:

• counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); a noun read using its on-yomi

prefix:

• surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-
• per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
• or; whether or not - after each alternative
• some- (e.g. something, someone) - after an interrogative ➜ 何か
• hmm; huh - indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles ➜ とか

prefix:

• very - emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective ➜ か弱い

suffix:

• -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y - suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word ➜ 定か

adverb:

• in that way - archaism