auxiliary verb:

• indicates speculation - after the imperfective form of certain verbs and adjectives
• indicates will
• indicates invitation

expression:

• if (an action, etc.)
• since ...; if you are going to ...
• one after another; indicates repeated action
• adds emphasis

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive") - れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段 verbs. After the -nai stem of a verb ➜ 迷惑の受身【めいわくのうけみ】
• indicates the potential form - no imperative form
• indicates spontaneous occurrence - no imperative form
• used as an honorific for others' actions - no imperative form - honorific language

particle:

• by (indicating means of action); as (a group, etc.) ➜ からして・として・にして・為る
• indicates patient of a causative expression - as 〜をして in modern Japanese
• acts as a connective - after the ren'youkei form of an adjective
• adds emphasis - after an adverb or a particle

conjunction:

• and then ➜ そして

particle:

• only; merely; nothing but; no more than
• approximately; about
• just (finished, etc.) - after the -ta form of a verb
• as if to; (as though) about to - after an attributive form or auxiliary verb ぬ(ん), also often …とばかり(に) ➜ 言わんばかり【いわんばかり】
• indicates emphasis - in the form …とばかり or …とばかりに
• always; constantly

noun / ~の noun / adjectival noun:

• deep emotion; being filled with emotion ➜ 感慨無量

noun / ~の noun / adjectival noun:

• deep emotion; being filled with emotion - four character idiom

conjunction:

• indicates two contrasting actions - form: ...つ...つ ➜ 浮きつ沈みつ・追いつ追われつ

particle:

• indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words) - archaism

prefix:

• adds strength or emphasis to verbs - from 掻き ➜ 掻き

particle:

• adds force or indicates command - used at sentence end - male language

particle:

• indicates word or phrase being defined

expression:

• expresses depth of feeling or emphasis - sentence end - female language ➜ わ・ね

particle:

• indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to") - pronounced え in modern Japanese

conjunction / particle:

• indicates supposition; if ... then; when; after

particle:

• (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation - usu. ったら

noun / adjectival noun / adverb:

• one's heart is filled with even deeper emotion; feeling the emotion all the more deeply - four character idiom

particle:

• indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted ➜ やら

noun:

• stroke (swimming); arm stroke

prefix:

• adds strength or emphasis to verbs ➜ かっ

prefix:

• goes before a verb to strengthen its meaning or to add emphasis - from 引き ➜ 引っ抱える

noun:

• emotion and reason; logic and emotion; justice and compassion (criminal justice context)

noun:

• echo; reverberation
• sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise
• quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound; emotion or feeling inspired by something heard or read

noun:

• cervicobrachial syndrome; indicates pain, swelling, weakness and/or numbness in the neck/shoulder region, used when specific diagnosis is not known

interjection:

• oh my, oh my!; expression of strong emotion or surprise

~する noun / noun:

• to overwhelm (e.g. an opponent); to overwpower; to crush; to defeat completely
• to overwhelm (someone with emotion); to move; to impress; to fill with emotion - usu. in the passive as 圧倒される
• to intimidate; to frighten; to threaten

particle:

• -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") - as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs
• doing such things as... - used adverbially
• expresses a command - as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb

auxiliary verb:

• to be ［たり］ - from とあり, after a noun - archaism ➜ たる
• indicates completion or continuation of an action ［たり］ - from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb - archaism

noun:

• blood spilt from the body
• blood circulating within the body (often as a metaphor for strong emotion or hot-bloodedness)