noun:

• long, kimono-like garment, made of light fabric and worn under the kimono; under-kimono

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be filled with strength; to be filled with effort; to be under strain; to be under pressure ➜ 力を入れる
• to be enthusiastic about
• to be tired (ironic) - Sumo term

expression:

• under the supervision of
• underneath
• on the basis of
• at ...; with ... ➜ 元【もと】

noun:

• land under the control of the imperial household or the shogunate

noun:

• type of bronze Chinese coin first issued under Emperor Yuan of the Southern Liang dynasty worth the value of ten iron coins

noun:

• two departments (under the ritsuryo system: the Dept. of State & the Dept. of Worship) ➜ 律令制

expression:

• on the plea of; under the pretext of

noun:

• darkness under the trees; dark place under the trees - obscure term

noun:

• provincial governor (under the ritsuryo system, any of a group of officials, esp. the director) ➜ 守【かみ】

noun:

• former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators) ➜ 律令制

noun:

• land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took half of the year's crop and the farmers kept the other half - archaism - four character idiom

noun:

• land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took 40% of the year's crop and the farmers kept 60% - archaism - four character idiom

noun:

• under-shoulder swing-down; technique of grasping the arm of the opponent, the moment he comes forward, while stepping out of line and pushing down on the shoulder blade with the other hand, thus pulling him down - Sumo term
• dodging; parrying (questions) ➜ 肩透かしを食わせる【かたすかしをくわせる】
• disappointment; letdown

noun:

• territories in the vicinity of the capital and under direct imperial rule; (in Japanese history) the five kuni in the immediate vicinity of Kyoto

noun:

• territory (pre-Taika: under the Yamato court; Heian: under a provincial governor, etc.)
• countryside - archaism

noun:

• banishment (to a location far from the capital); the harshest of the three banishment punishments under the ritsuryo system

noun:

• under investigation; under consideration; under review; pending (decision, etc.); awaiting verification

noun:

• director (of the provincial governors under the ritsuryo system) ➜ 国司・長官【かみ】

expression:

• it is darkest under the lamp post; it's hard to see what is under your nose; go abroad to hear of home; you must go into the country to hear what news at London - proverb

~の noun / noun:

• out of sight; in the background; unnoticed; under the veranda [literal] - idiom

expression:

• the soft may prove more durable than the hard; willow trees don't break under the weight of snow [literal] - proverb

noun:

• (former) Ministry of Finance (1869-2001) ➜ 財務省
• Ministry of the Treasury (under the ritsuryo system) ➜ 律令制

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to have the personal support of (an influential person); to be under the patronage of

expression:

• unavoidable; inevitable; cannot be helped; of necessity

noun:

• soryo system; organization of regional landholding families based on divided inheritance under the leadership of a main heir, usu. the eldest son (Kamakura period)