adverb:

• anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case; be that as it may

expression:

• experience is the best teacher; custom makes all things easy; you learn best by doing; practice makes perfect; it is better to grow accustomed than to be taught [literal]

noun:

• eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son

godan ~つ verb / transitive:

• to take (be in) charge of

noun:

• (Platonic) ideal (of how things ought to be, e.g. human rights); foundational principle; idea; conception (e.g. of the university); doctrine; ideology

noun:

• tug of war (orig. a form of divination to predict whether the year will be favourable or unfavourable)
• forward puller (of a rickshaw)

noun:

• grandfather (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 祖父さん ➜ お祖父さん
• male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 爺さん ➜ 爺ちゃん

expression:

• (particularly) when ... (often in phrases like "the bus just has to be on-time when we are late"); (only) for ...; if we are restricting the discussion to...; in the particular case of

~の noun:

• guaranteed (to be genuine, valuable, etc.); certified (as genuine, valuable, etc.) ➜ 極め付きの品

noun:

• ghee (held to be the greatest of all flavours); "the ultimate truth of Buddhism" [figurative]; "nirvana" [figurative] - Buddhism term ➜ 五味

noun:

• beryllium (Be)

noun:

• that kind (may be used as a disparaging term for another person)
• competition; match

noun:

• functioning cuff buttons on a jacket (i.e. those that can be buttoned and unbuttoned) ➜ 本開き
• surgeon's cuffs

noun:

• life-saving sword (a killing sword may be a sword of life depending on how it is used)

expression:

• whatever (the case may be)

noun:

• functioning cuff buttons on a jacket (i.e. those that can be buttoned and unbuttoned) ➜ 本切羽
• surgeon's cuffs

noun / ~の noun:

• (so marvelous or horrible that it may be) the first and probably the last - four character idiom

noun:

• (enter into, be in) a state of war

noun:

• ancient Japanese koto (thought to be native to Japan) ➜ 和琴

noun:

• reactive oxygen (i.e. free radicals, which can be destructive at high concentrations)

noun:

• Maruyama vaccine (said to be effective against leprosy, cancer and cutaneous tuberculosis)

noun:

• green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus, sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Chlorocebus aethiops) ➜ サバンナモンキー

expression / auxiliary:

• must (do, be) - attaches to the imperfective form; from ざり + べし - archaism ➜ なければならない・なくてはならない

noun:

• kun (in Chinese mythology, giant fish said to be able to turn into a bird) - archaism ➜ 鵬

noun:

• buffer (full) error (i.e. space cannot be reserved as it is full)