godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to hold (an event); to give (a dinner, party, etc.)
• to feel (sensation, emotion, call of nature, etc.); to show signs of

suffix:

• school

noun / counter:

• proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs

noun / suffix noun:

• edge; brink; verge; side - pronounced ぎわ when a suffix
• time; moment of

noun / ~の noun:

• head; chief

noun:

• chairman; governor; president ［主席］
• top student; head of the class ［首席］
• top seat; first desk (in orchestra)

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• raising the curtain Antonym: 閉幕【へいまく】

noun / ~する noun:

• opening (of an event); start of a season Antonym: 閉幕【へいまく】

noun / suffix noun:

• rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
• profit
• assignment
• 10%; unit of ten percent
• match; schedule of matches - Sumo term

suffix noun:

• diluted with (of drinks); mixed with ➜ 水割り

noun:

• white paper; flyleaf

noun / ~の noun:

• blank paper

noun:

• clean slate; lack of prior opinion, positions, etc.
• scratch; beginning ➜ 白紙に戻す

~の noun / noun:

• unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; deserted Antonym: 有人

noun / adjectival noun:

• shorthandedness; lack of help ［ぶにん・むにん］ - むにん only adj-no

noun:

• carapace; shell
• 1st in rank; grade A
• instep; back of hand
• the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; plaintiff (label in legal documents) ➜ 乙【おつ】

noun / ~する noun:

• loss in weight (esp. body weight); weight reduction
• loss in quantity; reduction of quantity

suffix noun:

• across; over; beyond; through; crossing
• throughout (a period of time); for

noun / ~の noun:

• sacred precincts; sanctuary; consecrated ground; holy ground

noun:

• issue that is regarded as being off-limits; matter that is not up for discussion

noun:

• weather; climatic conditions
• fine weather; clear day
• situation; state of affairs
• sea conditions; good day for sailing

noun:

• humanities; liberal arts; social science
• literary course; department of literature

noun / ~する noun:

• national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners) ➜ 開国

noun:

• sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

godan ~す verb / ~す verb (precursor to modern する) / transitive:

• to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to place under someone's care ➜ 託する
• to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to leave (a message) with someone
• to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
• to use as a pretext

noun:

• yakuza; gangster; mobster; hoodlum; racketeer; gambler - poss. from 八九三

adjectival noun / noun:

• useless; worthless; good-for-nothing; trashy

noun:

• the best one can do; one's best effort

adverbial noun:

• with all one's might; to the best of one's ability

noun:

• ability; gift; talent; aptitude; genius
• sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml

noun:

• New Year's Day - colloquialism ➜ 元日
• New Year's morning; morning of New Year's Day - orig. meaning

noun / ~する noun:

• filling in gaps; filling in blanks (in a form, etc.); stopgap; temporary measure
• covering up a deficit; making up for something (e.g. one's mistake)

adjectival noun / noun:

• careless; sloppy; faulty

noun:

• using unreliable sources (in a piece of writing); piece of writing with unreliable sources or many errors

suffix:

• style; manner
• after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time) ➜ 久しぶり【ひさしぶり】

noun:

• material
• material properties; quality of material

noun / suffix noun / prefix noun:

• frying; fried food

noun:

• aburaage; thin deep-fried slices of tofu - abbreviation ➜ 油揚げ【あぶらあげ】