noun:

• mass; setting of the ordinary of the mass (Kyrie, Credo, etc.) - Music term

noun:

• lower reaches (of a river) Antonym: 上【かみ】
• bottom; lower part
• lower half (of the body, esp. the privates); feces (faeces); urine; menses
• end; far from the imperial palace (i.e. far from Kyoto, esp. of western Japan)

~の noun:

• dirty (e.g. dirty jokes, etc.)

expression:

• first; firstly; first of all; to begin with; in the beginning; at the beginning
• Introduction; Preface - as section heading of a book, etc. - usually written using kana alone

noun / ~する noun:

• national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners) ➜ 開国

noun:

• sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

noun / ~する noun:

• busying oneself about (something); being on the move; bestirring oneself; on the go; taking an active interest - four character idiom

noun:

• eyes; expression of the eyes
• area around the eyes; skin round one's eyes - orig.meaning

noun:

• March 3rd of the lunar calendar (one of the five annual festivals); dolls festival; peach festival ➜ 五節句

noun:

• Triple Intervention (diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany and France over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki) ➜ 下関条約

expression:

• too many cooks spoil the broth; too many captains will steer the ship up a mountain [literal] - proverb

noun:

• Minister of the Interior (669-1868 CE); Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1885-1945 CE) - archaism ➜ 内大臣

noun:

• voir dire (hearing to determine the admissibility of evidence, or the competency of a witness or juror)

noun:

• Democratic Party (formed in 2016 from the merger of the DPJ and Ishin) ➜ 民主党【みんしゅとう】・維新の党【いしんのとう】
• Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan)

noun:

• spring dust [literal]; frost and snow that's blown like dust in the air by the spring wind

noun:

• first lighting of the hearth in a Zen temple (first day of the 10th or 11th month) ➜ 閉炉

noun:

• heavy rotation; frequently broadcasting or listening to the same music; frequently wearing the same outfit - abbreviation ➜ ヘビーローテーション

expression / adjective:

• unable to read the situation; unable to pick up on the mood (e.g. of a conversation) ➜ 空気を読む

expression:

• what did you do?
• is anything the matter?; what seems to be the problem?; can I help you?

expression / ichidan verb:

• to infuriate one's superior; to incur the anger of one's boss; to bring (a superior's) wrath down upon one
• to incur the Imperial wrath; to offend the Emperor - orig. meaning

noun:

• yang (i.e. the positive) Antonym: 陰【いん】
• the open (i.e. a visible place) ➜ 陽に

noun:

• dressing room; green room; backstage
• behind the scenes; the inside; inside affairs ➜ 楽屋裏【がくやうら】

noun:

• the hill back of one's home; hill back from the seashore

noun / ~する noun:

• suicide by drowning; drowning oneself
• entering the water; hitting the water ［にゅうすい］

noun:

• bumpkin; person from the country; unrefined person recently arrived from the countryside ➜ 田舎者

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to praise (to the skies); to sing the praises (of); to extol

noun:

• regional promotion coupons; merchandise coupons for the promotion of the local economy ➜ 地域振興