expression / ichidan verb:

• to learn the ropes; to get the knack

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to go through the proper procedures; to follow the required steps

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to act as an opposite; to form a counterpart; to act as a twin

noun:

• an impregnable fortress; an unassailable territory - four character idiom

noun:

• an excellent opinion; an insightful view - four character idiom

noun:

• Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis); soft-shelled turtle (Trionychidae)
• trap door located on the walkway in a kabuki theatre ［すっぽん］
• bilge pump (used on traditional Japanese ships) ［すっぽん］

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to seek results, not show; to discard the flower for the fruit [literal] - idiom

noun:

• drums sounded in the morning to draw the crowds to a match - Sumo term

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to compete for the first place; to be one of the best

expression / godan ~ぐ verb:

• to protect against the elements; to shelter oneself from the weather

adverb:

• to the utmost; to the best of one's ability

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to finger; to roll between the thumb and the fingers

expression / ichidan verb:

• to understand the essence; to catch the main points ➜ 壷【つぼ】

expression / ichidan verb:

• to have the end in sight; to see the mountains [literal] - idiom

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to sit cross-legged
• to rest on one's laurels

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb / expression:

• to weigh on one's mind; to be worried about (something) ➜ 気になる

expression / ichidan verb:

• to fasten one's eye on (a person); to stare at

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to grovel; to go down on one's hands and knees ➜ 這い蹲う

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to grovel; to go down on one's hands and knees ➜ 這い蹲る

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to hold on to something (secret, lead in a race, etc.)

noun:

• moving gadget on a pachinko machine designed to add excitement to play - obscure term

noun:

• articulate (i.e. an arthropod or an annelid)

noun / ~の noun / adverbial noun / suffix noun:

• above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter)
• top; summit
• surface; on
• before; previous
• superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder)
• on top of that; besides; what's more
• upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after)
• matters concerning...; as concerns ...
• since (i.e. "for that reason") - as ...上は

suffix noun:

• suffix indicating higher social standing - honorific language ➜ 父上
• place of one's superior (i.e. the throne) - archaism
• emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo - archaism
• noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman) - archaism

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive") - れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段 verbs. After the -nai stem of a verb ➜ 迷惑の受身【めいわくのうけみ】
• indicates the potential form - no imperative form
• indicates spontaneous occurrence - no imperative form
• used as an honorific for others' actions - no imperative form - honorific language

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to play a trick; to put up a false show; to deceive someone
• to put on a play; to present a play; to give a play - original meaning