godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth); to grind (e.g. lens)
• to refine (e.g. a skill); to improve; to cultivate

~と adverb / adverb / ~する noun:

• lightly rolling (of a small and round thing) - onomatopoeia
• pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter) - onomatopoeia
• changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); fickly; in a fickle manner - onomatopoeia
• roly-poly - onomatopoeia

~と adverb / adverb:

• chirp chirp; sound of insects - onomatopoeia
• ribbit ribbit; croak croak; sound of frogs - onomatopoeia ➜ ケロケロ

noun:

• roller; lint roller; paint roller ［ころころ・コロコロ］ - onomatopoeia

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to encourage; to urge ［勧める・奨める］
• to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest - esp. 薦める
• to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.) ［勧める・奨める］

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to ride up to; to drive up to
• to get used to riding; to get used to driving

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to turn away (one's eyes, face, etc.); to avert; to divert (e.g. one's attention); to evade (e.g a question); to change (e.g. the subject)
• to displease; to annoy; to offend; to upset - usu. in negative form
• to miss (the target, ball, etc.)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to do (something) to spite (someone); to rebuke indirectly; to make an insinuation; to have a dig at
• to make a display of affection (for each other); to show off a relationship

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to sleep (not necessarily lying down) ➜ 寝る
• to die
• to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to be dormant; to be unused ［ねむる］
• to close one's eyes - archaism

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to wish (to do); to desire; to want
• to be ready; to be eager

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb / transitive:

• to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as)
• to claim to be; to call oneself; to wear the title of
• to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to adopt as one's name; to take (a name)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to call out the goods one is selling - archaism

godan ~る verb:

• to support; to become stiff; to become taut; to thrust (one's opponent); to stick to (one's opinion); to insist on

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be called (a name); to be referred to (as) - passive of 呼ぶ
• to be treated to something (e.g. a meal); to be invited to

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to pay (e.g. money, bill)
• to brush off; to wipe away; to clear away; to dust off; to cut off (e.g. branches)
• to drive away (e.g. one's competitors)
• to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of
• to pay (e.g. attention); to show (e.g. respect, concern)
• to make (e.g. effort, sacrifice); to expend; to exert
• to move out (of one's own place); to vacate
• to sweep (e.g. one's legs); to knock aside
• to make a sweeping stroke (in Japanese calligraphy)
• to reset (an abacus)

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to lead; to take the lead (in doing something)
• to precede; to go before; to take precedence
• to die before (esp. one's spouse, parents, etc.)
• to be a prerequisite

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow stiff
• to be absorbed in; to be devoted to; to be a fanatic; to elaborate

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to pile up; to heap up
• to stir up; to enliven; to bring to a climax

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to get close; to cuddle close together; to nestle close to; to snuggle up to

~する verb (spec.) / intransitive verb / transitive:

• to bear (a child); to be born
• to produce; to yield; to be produced; to be yielded

godan ~す verb / intransitive verb / transitive:

• to bear (a child); to be born ➜ 産する
• to produce; to yield; to be produced; to be yielded

noun:

• sohal surgeonfish (Acanthurus sohal, species of tang found from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf); Red Sea surgeonfish; sohal tang

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to play dumb; to feign ignorance; to play innocent; to have a blank facial expression
• to play the fool
• to be in one's dotage

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to jump; to leap ➜ 踊る
• to pound (of one's heart, i.e. with excitement); to throb
• to be messily written

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to kill (with a weapon)
• to defeat an opponent
• to get someone out - Baseball term
• to arrest; to take prisoner

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to inlay; to set; to stud (e.g. star-studded sky); to enchase (a thing) with; to mount (gem)

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to become verminous; to be infested with insects; to begin to keep bad company; to have an (unfavorable, unfavourable) lover

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to broadcast
• to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly