ichidan verb / transitive:

• to read out; to read aloud; to call out
• to finish reading; to read through

noun:

• going before; the future

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to turn someone down (on some pretext) without offending them; to refuse gracefully; to decline politely

noun:

• the Young Turks

noun / ~する noun:

• reading (a text) aloud without trying to understand it ➜ 素読【そどく】
• reading a second draft without checking it against the original

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to assume the posture of praying; to press the palms and fingers of both hands together; to do reverence (e.g. before a statue of the Buddha); to pay one's respects
• to beg; to make a supplication
• to see (something or someone of high status) - sometimes used sarcastically in modern Japanese - humble language

prefix noun:

• the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"); previous; one-time; former
• pre- (e.g. "premodern") - before the name of an era

~の noun / noun:

• before; earlier ➜ 前【まえ】

expression:

• inexcusable; unpardonable; can't be allowed to pass (without comment)

noun:

• young commander; young leader; young master

noun:

• young lords; young samurai; young people - archaism

expression / adverb:

• before one could; in no time at all; without a gap - usu. after plain verb

noun:

• apomictic; of or relating to a plant that reproduces by apomixis; related to reproduction without fertilization, meiosis or production of gametes, with the result that the seeds are genetically identical to the parent plant

noun:

• ascetic monk; trainee monk

expression:

• anybody can look good with the right clothes; clothes make the man; fine feathers make fine birds; clothes on a packhorse driver [literal] - proverb

noun:

• turning another away at the gate or front door; refusing to receive a caller

noun:

• (a house) looking deserted with few visitors; sparrow net in front of the gate [literal] - four character idiom

noun:

• gate for important persons; gate of honor

noun / ~する noun:

• running away from home; elopement
• outing; going out - archaism
• becoming a Buddhist monk; entering the priesthood - archaism

noun:

• platform in front of a temple's principal image, from which the officiating monk chants - Buddhism term

noun:

• fine monk's robes worn by members of the imperial household, nobility, councilors (councillors), etc.

noun:

• clicking the shutter of a camera without taking a picture (because no film is loaded, or in order to advance the film)

noun / ~の noun:

• full of wiles and tricks; match between persons equal in shrewdness mobilizing all the tricks each can muster; shrewdly avoiding the opponent's strong points and attacking its weaknesses - four character idiom

noun:

• square (shape) ［ますがた］
• square bearing block (at the top of a pillar) ［斗形］
• (in a castle) rectangular space between the inner and outer gates (where troops can gather) ［ますがた］

noun:

• gate (for entry, boarding, etc.)
• gate - IT term
• logic element

suffix noun / ~の noun:

• stopped in the midst of; half- (i.e. half-read) - after the -masu stem of a verb