noun:

• upper reaches (of a river); upper stream Antonym: 下【しも】
• top; upper part; upper half (of the body)
• long ago
• beginning; first
• person of high rank (e.g. the emperor) - honorific language ➜ 御上
• government; imperial court
• imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto); capital region (i.e. Kansai); region (or direction of) the imperial palace ➜ 上方【かみがた】
• head (of a table)
• wife; mistress (of a restaurant) - honorific language

adverb:

• one after another; one after the other; in rotation

noun / ~する noun:

• exchanging one after the other; changing repeatedly

noun:

• large cut (e.g. of meat) ［大切り・大切］
• last piece of the day's programme; last act of a play; comic dialogue as the last item in vaudeville, music hall, etc.

noun:

• ratio of the margin of loss of an electoral candidate in a single-constituent district (used to break ties when determining the representative of a proportionally represented district)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to flow smoothly
• to sell well; to sell out ➜ 捌ける【さばける】

ichidan verb:

• to exit the stage; to remove (a prop) from the stage - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• carapace; shell
• 1st in rank; grade A
• instep; back of hand
• the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; plaintiff (label in legal documents) ➜ 乙【おつ】

noun:

• son (of others); boy; young master - honorific language
• green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• auxiliary verb indicating the causative - せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す
• auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something - usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc. - humble language
• auxiliary verb used as an honorific for others' actions - as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc. - honorific language

noun:

• son (of others); boy; young master - honorific language ➜ 坊ちゃん【ぼっちゃん】
• green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world ➜ 坊ちゃん【ぼっちゃん】

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to say incorrectly; to use the wrong words; to make a slip of the tongue
• to forget to say; to miss one's chance to say

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to add to the staff; to increase the staff

noun:

• sword-bearer (subordinate whose job it is to hold their master's sword)
• rikishi carrying a sword who follows the yokozuna to the ring during his ring-entering ceremony - Sumo term

noun:

• drumming in the streets to announce a tournament - Sumo term
• announcing an event by walking around in the streets beating a drum; drum used to announce an event by walking around in the streets

noun:

• criminal, administrative and civil codes (forming the basis of ancient East Asian law; orig. Chinese); legal codes of the Nara and Heian eras based on Chinese models ➜ 律・令【りょう】

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to go back to the start; to reset; to restore; to return to the point (of a discussion); to return something (that has been moved) to previous place; to reconstitute

noun:

• whorl of white hair on the forehead of the Buddha, represented by a white precious stone on statues of Buddha; urna

expression / ichidan verb:

• to be out of focus ➜ ずれる
• to be off the point (e.g. of a plan); to have not got the point

expression:

• good advice is harsh to the ears; honest advice is often unpleasant to the ears - four character idiom

noun / adjectival noun:

• the point of an argument being unclear; the tenor of an argument being poorly reasoned - four character idiom

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to see eye to eye; to be on the same wavelength; to talk the same language

noun:

• skilled actor who is like a child offstage; good actor who knows but little of the ways of the world - four character idiom
• child kabuki actor - orig. meaning - archaism

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to keep a fine house; to put up a front; to make the front of the house nice (and be pretentious about it)

noun:

• Twenty-Five Histories; authoritative collection of twenty-five Chinese historical books (the Twenty-Four Histories and the New History of Yuan) ➜ 二十四史

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to get (much) colder; to deepen (cold)
• to feel cold (of the body); to be chilled to the bones
• to worsen (of relations, economic conditions, etc.)

noun:

• large jewel; string of jewels - archaism
• Yasakani no Magatama (the grand jewel or string of jewels; one of the three Imperial regalia) ➜ 勾玉・三種の神器