expression / adjective:

• unable to compete with; not able to make a dent in (e.g. a problem); not able to get a solid hit in (e.g. in a fight)
• hard to chew

expression / noun or verb acting prenominally:

• troublesome; difficult (e.g. customer, guest, child); laborious (e.g. task, dinner) - idiom ➜ 手が掛かる

noun / ~する noun:

• getting oil; extraction of oil (e.g. from seeds); drilling for oil

noun:

• safety myth; myth that something is completely safe (e.g. nuclear plant); safety dogma

noun:

• premium market segment; main (e.g. price range); largest (e.g. age group) - From English "volume zone"

noun:

• shortage; amount outstanding (e.g. on loan); deficit

adjectival noun / noun / ~の noun:

• oblong; vertical writing style (e.g. on envelopes); portrait orientation

noun:

• identity fraud; forgery (e.g. of email); spoofing - IT term
• masquerade (esp. for evil purposes)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to put on a moderate amount of lean or firm weight; to gain healthy weight (e.g. from muscle); to become overweight as opposed to obese

noun:

• attacking each other; capturing race (e.g. in go); mutual attack

expression / ~の noun:

• in use; occupied (e.g. toilet); engaged

noun / ~する noun:

• apostasy; renunciation (e.g. of a religion); defection ➜ 背教

noun:

• succession of words of similar meaning; redundancy (e.g. free gift); tautology ［じゅうごん］
• kanji compound in which the same character is repeated - e.g. 堂堂

noun:

• guarantor; acceptor (e.g. promissory note); underwriter (e.g. stock issue) ➜ 引き受け【ひきうけ】

~する verb (spec.) / transitive:

• to push aside; to overcome (e.g. difficulties); to reject
• to align; to put in order
• to push open - archaism

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to stand up straight; to stand on end (e.g. of hair); to have the creeps ➜ 身の毛が弥立つ

noun:

• consolation money; compensation for breaking off relations (e.g. with a mistress); settlement

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to trap (into a difficult situation); to put (in a fix); to throw (e.g. into turmoil); to trick (into doing); to lure (into a trap); to frame (for a crime) - usu. 陥れる
• to capture (a castle, fortress, etc.); to take; to reduce - usu. 陥れる
• to drop (something) into - orig. meaning; usu. 落とし入れる

noun:

• turning point; turnaround point (e.g. in a race); turning back point ➜ 折り返し点【おりかえしてん】

noun:

• atomic-bomb sickness; symptoms of radiation sickness caused by an atomic-bomb (i.e. high fever, nausea); illness caused by atomic-bomb radiation exposure (e.g. leukemia, malignant tumors)

noun / ~する noun:

• establishment; creation (e.g. of a country); foundation

noun:

• bar; bolt (e.g. on door); latch

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• premature; untimely (e.g. death); early ➜ 過ぎる【すぎる】

noun:

• empty grain husk; immature ear (e.g. wheat); hollow object
• unripe fruit

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to freeze (from fear, etc.); to be unable to move (e.g. from surprise); to be paralyzed (with horror, etc.)
• to cower; to shrink in on oneself