noun:

• attitude that with the state as one's boss, normal fiscal accountability can be dispensed with; dependence on the central government; attitude of those who assume their jobs are safe because they are government employees

~する verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to gather in large numbers (of people); to hang out (as a large group)
• to assemble (as a military unit or posse); to be quartered (in a particular location)

noun:

• hardship now, pleasure later; seeking pleasure only after dealing with difficulties; seeking pleasure only after the happiness of the people is assured (a precept to be observed by a ruler) - four character idiom

noun:

• flowers reflected on a mirror and the moon reflected on the water's surface; something that is visible but having no substance; the subtle and profound beauty of poems that cannot be described in words - four character idiom

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to succeed; to relieve; to replace - esp. 替わる, 替る
• to take the place of; to substitute for; to take over for; to represent; to hand over (telephone) - esp. 代わる, 代る
• to be exchanged; to change (places with); to switch - esp. 換わる, 換る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to sound shrill (of a voice); to sound high-pitched and excited; to sound hollow
• to get excited; to become restless
• to be thrown too high; to come in high - Baseball term

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to be able to say; to get someone to say; to induce someone to say; to let someone speak out

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (in) - usu. 勤める
• to serve (as); to act (as); to fill (the position of); to play the role (of) - usu. 務める
• to conduct a religious service - usu. 勤める

expression:

• (particularly) when ... (often in phrases like "the bus just has to be on-time when we are late"); (only) for ...; if we are restricting the discussion to...; in the particular case of

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to tie; to fasten; to tighten Antonym: 緩める
• to wear (necktie, belt); to put on
• to total; to sum ➜ 〆る【しめる】
• to be strict with ➜ 緊める【しめる】
• to economize; to economise; to cut down on
• to salt; to marinate; to pickle; to make sushi adding a mixture of vinegar and salt

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise - archaism ➜ 現れる
• to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects) - archaism ➜ 現れる

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond; to go past - esp. 越える
• to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than) - esp. 超える

expression / ichidan verb:

• to leave one's home (behind one); to leave one's parental roof; to leave the nest; to be out on one's own

noun:

• crime for which one's three types of relatives will be punished; crime implicating one's relatives of all three types - obscure term ➜ 三族

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to hold a thing in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to embrace (e.g. a baby)
• to take upon oneself; to be saddled with

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise
• to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to fray one's nerves; to wear out one's nerves; to frazzle one's nerves; to be a nervous wreck

noun / ~する noun:

• performing a part in one's own play; playing a musical piece that one has written - four character idiom
• doing everything by oneself (from preparation to execution)
• put-up job; charade
• sock-puppeting (i.e. pretending to be more than one person on the Internet)

expression:

• leave no room for scandal; don't do anything that can be misinterpreted; don't straighten your cap under a plum tree (because when you raise your hands it might look as if you're trying to steal the plums) [literal] - proverb

particle:

• such things as ...; and ... and - used for non-exhaustive lists related to a specific time and place
• the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as - after the dictionary form of a verb ➜ や否や

unclassified:

• be; is - plain copula - Kansai dialect ➜ だ

interjection:

• o; oh - punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.
• huh; what - interjection expressing surprise
• hi - male language
• yes; what? - archaism

particle:

• yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it? - indicates a question - archaism

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to continue; to last; to go on
• to continue (without a break); to be unbroken
• to occur again and again
• to lead to; to connect to; to adjoin
• to come after; to follow; to succeed; to rank next to
• to hold out; to keep; to last

noun:

• circle (sometimes used for zero) ➜ 丸【まる】
• 'correct' (when marking) ➜ 二重丸【にじゅうまる】
• symbol used as a placeholder (either because a number of other words could be used in that position, or because of censorship) ➜ 〇〇【まるまる】
• period; full stop ➜ 句点
• maru mark; semivoiced sound; p-sound ➜ 半濁点

expression:

• if you do a favor for somebody, you will get a return favor; if a fish is friendly toward water, water will be kind to the fish too [literal]; mutual back-scratching - proverb

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to make (someone) do ➜ 為せる
• to allow (someone) to ➜ 為せる

auxiliary verb / godan ~す verb:

• to let; to allow; to cause - aux. verb indicating the causative
• to be permitted to - aux. verb indicating the granting of permission
• to do - aux. verb used as an honorific for others' actions - honorific language

noun:

• swidden - archaism

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to think; to consider; to believe - 想う has connotations of heart-felt
• to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
• to judge; to assess; to regard
• to imagine; to suppose; to dream
• to expect; to look forward to
• to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
• to recall; to remember