noun / suffix:

• research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)

adverb:

• a very short while ago; very early (e.g. in the morning)

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• plump; fat; thick (e.g. curry); full (e.g. lips) - onomatopoeia

noun:

• first proponent; initiator and advocate (e.g. of a theory)

noun:

• falling below quota; not reaching capacity (e.g. a school having fewer applicants for entrance exams than its quota)

adjectival noun / noun:

• harsh; severe (e.g. criticism, verbal attack) ➜ 味噌糞

noun:

• sweeping denunciation - usually written using kana alone

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to force someone to clamp with their teeth; to force into someone's mouth (e.g. a gag) ➜ 猿ぐつわをかます【さるぐつわをかます】
• to wedge into a space
• to inflict (a blow); to deal (a hit) ➜ 一発かます【いっぱつかます】
• to pull (a joke); to say or do (something stupid); to try (a bluff)

noun:

• trunks; shorts (e.g. seaside use)

adverb:

• chafing; grinding (e.g. teeth) - onomatopoeia
• binding tightly; pulling tight (e.g. a bow) - onomatopoeia
• rotating quickly - onomatopoeia
• hurting sharply - onomatopoeia
• briskly; quickly; promptly; at once; right away - onomatopoeia

noun:

• embryo; germ (e.g. wheat germ) - Biology term

expression / adjective:

• unable to read the situation; unable to pick up on the mood (e.g. of a conversation) ➜ 空気を読む

noun / ~する noun:

• retention; keeping in custody (e.g. of a court)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to put a burden on; to tax (e.g. strength)

suffix noun / ~の noun:

• stopped in the midst of; half- (i.e. half-read) - after the -masu stem of a verb

noun:

• economy of scale; cost saving or benefit from having a larger scale (e.g. of production) - From English "scale merit" ➜ 規模効果

noun:

• Viverridae; family of viverrids (e.g. civets)

noun:

• making the numbers balance; fixing the numbers; number-juggling; making up the numbers (e.g. to form a majority); taking tally; number-crunching

noun:

• non-support; disapproval (e.g. in an opinion poll)

noun / noun or verb acting prenominally / ~の noun:

• prefabricated; knockdown; demountable (e.g. motor); flatpack (furniture)

noun:

• contracted sound; palatalised sound (e.g. Japanese morae with small kana) - e.g. きゃ - Linguistics term

noun:

• long homeroom; occasional or periodic extra long registration class or assembly in a school (e.g. for activities not related to class work) ➜ ホームルーム

noun:

• geisha; woman who entertains (e.g. by playing the shamisen) for her living - obscure term ➜ 歌妓

noun:

• speedrun; playing through a video game for additional challenge (e.g. as quickly as possible, to obtain the highest score, without using a certain weapon, etc.)

godan ~す verb:

• to whip an egg; to scramble (e.g. an egg)

noun:

• nil return; nothing offered (e.g. in wage negotiations)