godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to go under; to pass under; to go through; to pass through
• to dive (into or under the water) ➜ 潜る【もぐる】
• to evade; to get around; to slip past
• to survive; to surmount

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to welter in blood; to be covered in blood

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to go down in history; to remain in history

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to soar; to fly high; to be whirled up
• to make merry; to be ecstatic; to be in high spirits

noun:

• the death of Shakyamuni Buddha - Buddhism term
• Buddhist service held on the day of Buddha's death (orig. 15th of the 2nd month, now 15th of the 3rd month) - abbreviation - Buddhism term ➜ 仏涅槃忌

noun:

• just before a war - archaism
• day before a holiday - archaism
• day before the one on which prostitutes were forced to accept customers - archaism ➜ 紋日

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to repeat a mistake (of somebody); to make the same mistake as that of ...; to follow the rut (left by someone else) [literal] ➜ 前車の轍を踏む・前轍を踏む

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to fabricate; to invent; to make up (a story); to hoax; to pull a hoax
• to cobble up; to put together in a hurry

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow thickly; to be in full leaf; to be rampant; to luxuriate; to be luxurious

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to deal a blow in return; to hit back; to punch back
• to reject; to send back

noun:

• free use

~する noun:

• to use freely; to make free use of; to have good command (e.g. of a language)
• to drive someone on

godan ~る verb:

• to fall on one's backside; to be exhausted; to lose strength; to lose one's abilities ➜ へたばる・尻餅

noun:

• room or pavilion of residence for the master of the house (Heian period palatial-style architecture) ➜ 寝殿造
• room where the emperor usually lives in the imperial palace

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• scraping; scratching - onomatopoeia

~の noun / adjectival noun:

• hard (to the bite, to the touch) - onomatopoeia

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to spend (money) like water; to spend (money) like it grows on trees; to throw around (one's money); to play ducks and drakes with

noun:

• expansion (in space) of a sales area; increase in the number of beds (in a hospital, etc.)

noun:

• an event held on the night after the last day of some festival (school festival) often bonfire & dancing ➜ 学園祭

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to trap (into a difficult situation); to put (in a fix); to throw (e.g. into turmoil); to trick (into doing); to lure (into a trap); to frame (for a crime) - usu. 陥れる
• to capture (a castle, fortress, etc.); to take; to reduce - usu. 陥れる
• to drop (something) into - orig. meaning; usu. 落とし入れる

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to dump (e.g. onto the floor); to empty by overturning; to throw out (contents)
• to tell frankly; to confess

noun:

• within the borders of a country; domestic soil
• inland area
• Japan proper, as opposed to its overseas colonies; interior of country; homeland - used during the WWII era
• (in Hokkaido and Okinawa) the "mainland" parts of Japan (Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu)

noun:

• taking up a new line of work; the beginning of things
• starting the preparations for New Year's festivities (December 8 in Tokyo, December 13 in Kyoto)
• resuming work after the New Year's vacation ➜ 仕事始め

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to wring (towel, rag); to squeeze - esp. 絞る
• to squeeze (fruit to extract juice); to press; to extract; to milk; to express milk - esp. 搾る
• to rack (one's brains); to strain (one's voice)
• to extort; to exploit
• to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke - often passive voice ➜ 油を絞る
• to drill into; to train
• to narrow down (one's focus); to whittle down
• to gather up (curtain, etc.); to tighten (drawstring)
• to stop down (lens)
• to turn down (e.g. radio)
• to bend (bow); to draw
• to hold down; to constrict; to immobilize - Sumo term

noun / ~する noun:

• starting a train (or bus, etc.) before all the passengers are on board
• making a snap decision; starting an action without considering objections to it any longer

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to follow suit; to imitate or follow someone blindly
• to ride on someone's back; to ride someone's coattails; to take advantage (e.g. of another's popularity)

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to have the (full, general) selection available; to have (a lineup) from A to Z; to have the full array of