noun:

• conversion of agricultural land (e.g. to non-agricultural uses); conversion of farmland

noun:

• mass; setting of the ordinary of the mass (Kyrie, Credo, etc.) - Music term

noun:

• sense of touch; sense of being touched; tactile sense

noun:

• number of times cited; number of citations; citation number

noun:

• command of English; proficiency in English; knowledge of English

noun:

• timidity-causing god; god of cowardice; god of panic

noun:

• terms of service; terms of use; terms and conditions

noun:

• lower reaches (of a river) Antonym: 上【かみ】
• bottom; lower part
• lower half (of the body, esp. the privates); feces (faeces); urine; menses
• end; far from the imperial palace (i.e. far from Kyoto, esp. of western Japan)

~の noun:

• dirty (e.g. dirty jokes, etc.)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die
• to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)

noun:

• flow rate (esp. water or electricity); quantity of flow; capacity (of output or throughput per unit time)

noun:

• beauties of nature; the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics - four character idiom ➜ 花鳥諷詠
• artistic pursuits involving nature themes

noun:

• deepest level (of an art, skill, etc.); secret teachings; mysteries; innermost secrets; the secret (of success, etc.)

noun:

• 10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall ➜ 小春日和

noun:

• confusion; complications

suffix noun:

• being gripped by strong feelings; fit (e.g. of anger); moment (e.g. of frustration) - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• entrance (i.e. of a Japanese house) ➜ 上がり口
• start of a rise (e.g. in prices)

noun:

• March 3rd of the lunar calendar (one of the five annual festivals); dolls festival; peach festival ➜ 五節句

noun:

• all sorts of birds; hundreds (and thousands) of birds - archaism
• plover ➜ 千鳥
• Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone); Japanese nightingale ➜ 鶯

noun:

• a question (an issue) of where responsibility (liability) lies; a question of who is responsible (to blame) - four character idiom

expression:

• amateurish and haughty way of doing business; venturing into an unfamiliar line of business (and often failing) ➜ 士族

noun:

• Triple Intervention (diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany and France over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki) ➜ 下関条約

noun:

• Minister of the Interior (669-1868 CE); Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1885-1945 CE) - archaism ➜ 内大臣

noun:

• purification ceremony held on the first day of the snake in the third month of the lunar calendar - archaism

noun:

• voir dire (hearing to determine the admissibility of evidence, or the competency of a witness or juror)

expression:

• take care of the penny; he who makes fun of one sen will cry at one sen [literal] - proverb ➜ 一円を笑う者は一円に泣く・一銭

noun:

• annual event of miso-making
• first steps of miso making, from simmering the beans to fermentation