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JLPTN3

従う^☆【したがうshitagau】随う・順う・遵う・從う^old・隨う^old Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow; to observe; to conform to; to yield to
to follow (a person); to accompany; to go with
to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
to serve (as); to engage in (work)

善良なzenryouna 市民shimin はha 法律houritsu にni従うshitagau。 A good citizen obeys the laws.

熱力学netsurikigaku のno 背後haigo にはniha、第１巻dai１kan でde 学んだmananda 力学rikigaku のno 法則housoku にniしたがうshitagau原子genshi やya 分子bunshi のno 運動undou がga ありますarimasu。 Behind thermodynamics lie the movements of atoms and molecules following the laws of motion learned in the first volume.

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山越し【やまごしyamagoshi】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

wind blowing down, coming over a mountain

noun:

immediately after one's draw - Mahjong term
winning off a discarded tile from the player to one's right or across the table on the turn after letting one's winning tile go by from the player to one's left - Mahjong term

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JLPTN2

吊る^☆【つるtsuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to hang; to suspend; to sling; to wear (e.g. a sword); to put up (e.g. a shelf)
to hang oneself - in the form 首を吊る ➜ 首を吊る
to hoist an opponent off of his feet by his loincloth - Sumo term

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to turn upwards (as if being pulled); to be slanted (of eyes) - usually written using kana alone
to pucker (e.g. of a seam); to be pulled tight - usually written using kana alone

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下す^☆【くだすkudasu】降す Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to make a decision; to draw a conclusion
to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to pass a sentence; to give an order
to let go down; to lower
to do oneself; to do by oneself ➜ 手を下す
to beat; to defeat
to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea
to pass (in stool); to discharge from the body

auxiliary verb / godan ~す verb:

to do in one go; to do to the end without stopping

問題mondai はha 誰dare がga 決定kettei をwo下すkudasuかkaとtoいうiu ことkoto だda。 The question is who will make the decision.

これらのkorerano 議論giron でde 問題mondai になっているninatteiru 評決hyouketsu はha、１９９４年nen のnoランダーRANDAA裁判saiban でde下されたkudasaretaものであるmonodearu。 The verdict at issue in these discussions is the one brought in the Lander's trial in 1994.

次にni あげるageru「ブラック・ユーモアburakkuyuumoa」のno 例rei をwo 見れmire ばba、自分jibun でde 判断handan をwo下すkudasuことkoto がga できるdekiru だろdaro うu。 The following example of sick humor will enable you to judge for yourself.

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JLPTN2

寄せる^★【よせるyoseru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to come near; to let someone approach
to bring near; to bring together; to collect; to gather
to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to contribute; to donate
to let someone drop by
to add (numbers)
to have feelings for (love, goodwill, trust, etc.)
to rely upon for a time; to depend on
to use as a pretext
to put aside
to press; to push; to force
to include; to welcome (in a group); to let in - Kansai dialect

おまわりさんomawarisan にni 車kuruma をwo 片側katagawa にni寄せるyoseruようにyouni 合図aizu されたsareta。 The patrolman motioned me to pull over.

警察官keisatsukan にni 車kuruma をwo 路肩rokata にni寄せるyoseruようyou にni 合図aizu さsa れre たta。 The patrolman motioned me to pull over.

お巡りさんomawarisan がga 車kuruma をwo 路肩rokata にni寄せるyoseruようyou にni 合図aizu しshi たta。 The patrolman motioned me to pull over.

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JLPTN3

振る^☆【ふるfuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to wave; to shake; to swing
to sprinkle; to throw (dice)
to cast (actor); to allocate (work)
to turn down (somebody); to reject; to jilt; to dump
to abandon; to give up; to ruin
to add kana indicating a reading of a word ➜ 振り仮名
to slightly change headings; to change directions
to extract by broiling; to prepare an infusion of; to decoct
to carry with great vigor (e.g. a portable shrine)
to bring up a topic; to lead to a topic
to replace; to substitute
to set up a joke for somebody else

私watashi はha 頭atama をwo数回振ったfutta。 I shook my head a few times.

カズKAZU ちゃんchan、さっきsakki 完膚無きまでkanpunakimade にni振っfuちゃおうchaou としたtoshita でしょdesho？ You were about to dump her flat out, weren't you?

パーティーPAATEII 会場kaijou にni 入るhairu なりnari、サムSAMU はha 食べ物tabemono めがけてmegakete 脇目wakime もmoふらずfurazu突進tosshin したshita。 When he got to the party, Sam made a bee line for the food.

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JLPTN4

立てる^☆【たてるtateru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to stand up; to put up; to set up; to erect; to raise - also written as 起てる
to thrust into; to bury into; to dig into
to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.); to cause
to make; to establish; to set up; to develop; to formulate
to put up (a political candidate); to make (one's leader)
to treat with respect; to give (someone) their due; to make (someone) look good; to avoid embarrassing (someone)
to sharpen; to make clear
to shut; to close ➜ 閉てる
to make tea (matcha); to perform the tea ceremony ➜ 点てる
to divide by

suffix / ichidan verb:

to do ... vigorously - after the -masu stem of a verb

彼kare はha 怒るokoru とto よくyoku 大声oogoe をwoたてるtateru。 He is liable to shout when angry.

失敗shippai したshita！もっとmotto、余裕yoyuu をwo もってmotte 計画keikakuたてるtateruべきbeki だったdatta。 I choked! I should have come up with a proper plan first.

人生jinsei とto はha、他ta のno 予定yotei をwo立てるtateruことkoto にni 忙しくisogashiku しshi てte いるiru 時toki にni 起こるokoru 現象genshou のno ことkoto だda。 Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans.

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JLPTN4

かけるkakeru^☆《掛ける・懸ける》 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to hang up (e.g. a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag) ➜ 壁にかける
to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover
to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.) ➜ 眼鏡を掛ける
to make (a call) ➜ 電話を掛ける
to spend (time, money); to expend; to use ➜ 時間を掛ける
to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto somebody ➜ 塩をかける
to turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, a song, etc.)
to cause (somebody inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose ➜ 迷惑を掛ける
to multiply (arithmetic operation)
to secure (e.g. lock) ➜ 鍵を掛ける
to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else) ➜ 腰を掛ける
to bind - also 繋ける
to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble ➜ 賭ける【かける】
to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.) ➜ 裁判に掛ける
to increase further
to catch (in a trap, etc.)
to set atop
to erect (a makeshift building)
to apply (insurance) ➜ 保険を掛ける
to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words ➜ 掛詞

suffix / ichidan verb:

to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ... - after -masu stem of verb ➜ 話し掛ける
to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone) - after -masu stem of verb; indicates (verb) is being directed to someone ➜ 話し掛ける

かっこいいkakkoii 服fuku をwo 着てkite かっこいいkakkoii サングラスSANGURASU をwoかけるkakeru。 I wear cool clothes and cool sunglasses.

指名通話shimeitsuuwa でde 国際電話kokusaidenwa をwoかけるkakeruとto いいii よyo。 It's best to make international calls person to person.

スーツSUUTSU にni そんなにsonnani お金okane をwoかけるkakeruにはniha ためらいtamerai がga あるaru。 I hesitate to pay so much for a suit.

これkore はha掛けるkakeruのにnoni たいそうtaisou 頑丈なganjouna いすisu だda。 This is a very sturdy chair to sit in.

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JLPTN3

詰める^☆【つめるtsumeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to stuff into; to jam; to cram; to pack; to fill; to plug; to stop up

ichidan verb / transitive / intransitive verb:

to shorten; to move closer together

ichidan verb / transitive:

to reduce (spending); to conserve

ichidan verb / transitive / intransitive verb:

to focus intently on; to strain oneself to do - usu. as 根を詰める ➜ 根を詰める

ichidan verb / transitive:

to work out (details)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to be on duty; to be stationed

ichidan verb / transitive:

to corner (esp. an opponent's king in shogi); to trap; to checkmate
to cut off (one's finger as an act of apology); to catch (one's finger in a door, etc.) - the meaning "to catch one's finger" is predominantly used in Kansai ➜ 指を詰める

suffix / ichidan verb:

to continue ...; to keep doing ... without a break
to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly
to force someone into a difficult situation by ...

私watashi がga スーツケースSUUTSUKEESU にni 荷物nimotsu をwo詰めるtsumeruのno をwo 手伝ってtetsudatte くれませんkuremasen かka。 Will you help me pack my suitcase?

彼女kanojo はha 私watashi がga 荷物nimotsu をwo スーツケースSUUTSUKEESU にni詰めるtsumeruのno をwo 手伝ってtetsudatte くれたkureta。 She helped me pack my suitcase.

息iki をwo詰めるtsumeruことkoto によりniyori 自殺jisatsu がga できdeki ないnai。 You cannot kill yourself by holding your breath.

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南蛮^☆【なんばんnanban】

noun:

southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south) - archaism - derogatory term
South-East Asia - archaism
Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies) - archaism ➜ 紅毛

prefix:

exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style)

noun:

(in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm) - usu.ナンバ
food prepared using chili peppers or Welsh onions - abbreviation ➜ 南蛮煮【なんばんに】

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JLPTN2

見送る^★【みおくるmiokuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home)
to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight
to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to let a pitch go by (baseball); to watch a batted ball go into the stands
to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
to have someone related or close to you die; to bury someone
to take care of somebody until he dies
to wait and see; to continue (e.g. in legal contexts)

彼のkareno 弟otouto はha 彼kare をwo見送るmiokuruためtame 駅eki へhe 行ったitta。 His brother went to the station to see him off.

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JLPTN3

抜く^☆【ぬくnuku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to pull out; to draw out; to extract; to unplug; to weed
to omit; to leave out; to go without; to skip

auxiliary verb / godan ~く verb:

to do to the end; to carry through

godan ~く verb / transitive:

to let out (e.g. air from a tyre); to drain (e.g. water from a bath); to empty
to pick out; to choose; to select; to extract
to pilfer; to steal
to remove; to get rid of; to take out
to pass; to overtake; to outstrip; to get ahead of
to pierce; to break through; to go through - also written 貫く
to cut out (a shape); to create (a pattern) by dying the surrounding area
to seize; to capture; to reduce
to scoop (a story)
to take out (an opponent's stones; in go)

godan ~く verb:

to masturbate (of a male); to ejaculate (while masturbating) - slang - vulgar
to take (a photo); to record (video) - slang

庭niwa のno 雑草zassou をwo抜くnukuのno はha 彼のkareno 仕事shigoto だda。 It's his job to pull the weeds in the garden.

トムTOMU はha よくyoku 食事shokuji をwo抜くnuku。 Tom often skips meals.

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JLPTN5

やるyaru^☆《遣る・行る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study - colloquialism ➜ 為る【する】
to send; to dispatch; to despatch
to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
to make (a vehicle) go faster
to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
to hold (a performance); to perform; to show ➜ 演る
to ease (one's mind)
to harm; to injure; to kill - colloquialism ➜ 殺る
to have sex with - slang ➜ 犯る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

to live; to get by; to get along ➜ やって行く・やって来る

suffix / godan ~る verb:

to do ... completely - after the -masu stem of a verb, often in the negative
to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance - after the -masu stem of a verb

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to (sometimes with negative nuance) - after the -te form of a verb
to make active efforts to ... - after the -te form of a verb

じゃあjaa２人乗り２ninnoriをwo 許してyurushiteやるyaruからkara お前omae 漕げkoge、俺ore がga 荷台nidai にni 乗るnoru からkara。 Well then I'll allow two on a bike, but you pedal, because I'll ride on the rack.

５ドルDORU をwoやるyaru。 I'll give you five dollars.

全てsubete をwo 捨ててsutete このkono レストランRESUTORAN をwoやるyaru目的mokuteki はha ひとつhitotsu だけdake でしたdeshita。 I had only one aim in throwing everything away to run this restaurant.

無関係のmukankeino 人hito をwo殺るyaruなna！ Don't kill off bystanders!

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JLPTN5

切る^★【きるkiru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to cut; to cut through; to perform (surgery)
to sever (connections, ties) ➜ 縁を切る
to turn off (e.g. the light)
to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to disconnect ➜ 電話を切る
to punch (a ticket); to tear off (a stub)
to open (something sealed)
to start
to set (a limit); to do (something) in less or within a certain time; to issue (stamps, vouchers, etc.)
to reduce; to decrease; to discount ➜ 値切る
to shake off (water, etc.); to let drip-dry; to let drain
to cross; to traverse
to criticize sharply
to act decisively; to do (something noticeable); to go first; to make (certain facial expressions, in kabuki)
to turn (vehicle, steering wheel, etc.)
to curl (a ball); to bend; to cut
to shuffle (cards)
to discard a tile - Mahjong term
to dismiss; to sack; to let go; to expulse; to excommunicate
to dig (a groove); to cut (a stencil, on a mimeograph)
to trump ➜ 切り札
to cut (the connection between two groups) (in go)
to start a fire (with wood-wood friction or by striking a metal against stone) - also written as 鑽る
to draw (a shape) in the air (with a sword, etc.)

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

to finish; to complete - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 疲れきる

２．大根daikon はha 拍子木hyoushigi にni切るkiru。 2. Cut the daikon into long sticks.

家ie をwo 出る前derumae にはniha ガスGASU のno スイッチSUITCHI をwo切るkiruことkoto をwo 忘れないでwasurenaide くださいkudasai。 Don't forget to turn off the gas before you leave the house.

３．電話をかけてdenwawokakete もmo、アナウンスANAUNSU 等touにni従って従tte 操作sousa したりshitari せずsezu、すぐにsuguni切るkiruことkoto。 3. If you do phone then hang up immediately, without following any instructions given.

いったんittan 封fuu をwo切るkiruとto そのsono テープTEEPU はha 返品henpin できませんdekimasen。 Once you break the seal, you can't return the tape.

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Kanji

No Kanji in this term

© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.

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