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JLPTN1
凝らす【こごらすkogorasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to freeze; to congeal
  • to concentrate one's attention on; to devote oneself to something; to ponder; to meditate
正す☆【ただすtadasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to correct; to rectify; to reform; to amend; to redress
  • to straighten (one's posture, collar, etc.); to adjust ➜ 襟を正す

社会shakaiをwo先sakiにni正すtadasuべきbekiだdaというtoiu人hitoがgaいるiruがga、それsoreはha順序junjoがga逆gyakuであるdearu。 Some say society should be corrected first, but that is to put the cart before the horse.

結う☆【ゆうyuu・いうiu】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to do up (hair); to dress; to arrange
  • to tie; to bind; to fasten; to make (a fence)
脅かす☆【おびやかすobiyakasu】脅やかすirr.・劫かす Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to intimidate; to frighten; to scare
  • to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger; to imperil

これらkoreraはha男性danseiとto女性joseiをwoともにtomoni脅かすobiyakasu危険なkikennaものmonoだda。 There are dangers that threaten both men and women.

抜き去る☆【ぬきさるnukisaru】抜きさる・抜去る Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to pass; to overtake; to leave behind
  • to pull out; to extract; to remove; to take away
息巻く☆【いきまくikimaku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to rage; to storm (at); to be furious
  • to enthuse; to speak passionately; to get worked up; to galvanize
うそぶくusobuku《嘯く・嘘ぶくirr.》 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to boast; to brag
  • to recite (a song or poem to oneself)
  • to bark; to roar; to howl
付き従う【つきしたがうtsukishitagau】付き随う・付従う・つき従う Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

  • to follow; to accompany; to cleave to; to join up with; to obey implicitly; to flatter
粉々にする【こなごなにするkonagonanisuru】粉粉にする Inflection

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

JLPTN4
割れる☆【われるwareru】破れる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to break; to be smashed
  • to split; to crack; to fissure; to be torn
  • to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party)
  • to come to light; to become clear; to be identified; to be revealed
  • to be distorted (of a sound)
  • to be divisible (without a remainder)
  • to go below a minimum

頭atamaがga割れるwareruようにyouni痛かったitakattaのでnode、私watashiはhaいつもよりitsumoyori早くhayaku寝たneta。 Having a cracking headache, I went to bed earlier than usual.

通りtooriでdeガラスGARASUがga粉々にkonagonani割れるwareruのnoがga聞こえたkikoetaわwa。 We heard glass shattering in our street.

君のkimino重omoさsaじゃja氷kooriがga割れるwareruよyo。 As heavy as you are, the ice will break.

JLPTN2
引き受ける☆【ひきうけるhikiukeru】引受ける☆・引きうける・引受るirr. Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to take on; to undertake; to accept; to take charge of; to assume responsibility for
  • to take over; to inherit
  • to guarantee; to vouch for
  • to contract (a disease)

友tomoにni変わりkawari彼kareはhaそのsono責任sekininをwo引き受けるhikiukeruつもりtsumoriだda。 He will take on the responsibility for his friends.

彼kareがga君のkimino申し出moushideをwo引き受けるhikiukeruのnoはha請け合うukeauよyo。 I bet that he'll accept your proposal.

JLPTN3
しまうshimau☆《仕舞う・終う・了う・蔵う》 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to finish; to stop; to end; to put an end to; to bring to a close
  • to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to shut down; to shut up
  • to put away; to put back; to keep; to store

auxiliary verb / godan ~う verb:

  • to finish ...; to do ... completely - after the -te form of a verb, indicates completion (and sometimes reluctance, regret, etc.)

このkono世界sekaiのno教育kyouikuにniはhaがっかりgakkariしてshiteしまうshimau。 Education in this world disappoints me.

「もしmoshi疲れているtsukareteiruならnara寝たらnetaraどうdou？」　「僕bokuがga今ima寝たらnetaraあまりamariにni早くhayaku目覚めてmezameteしまうshimauからkara。」 "If you're tired, why don't you go to sleep?" "Because if I go to sleep now I will wake up too early."

JLPTN1
費やす☆【ついやすtsuiyasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to spend; to expend; to consume
  • to waste; to squander; to throw away
  • to devote

つまらないtsumaranaiことkotoにni時間jikanをwo費やすtsuiyasuなna。 Don't waste your time on trifles.

改む【あらたむaratamu】革む

lower nidan verb (archaic) / transitive:

  • to change; to alter; to revise; to replace - archaism ➜ 改める
  • to examine; to check; to inspect - archaism ➜ 改める
油を絞る【あぶらをしぼるaburawoshiboru】油を搾る・油をしぼる Inflection

expression / godan ~る verb:

  • to chew out; to reprimand severely; to rake over the coals; to give a sound scolding; to tell someone off; to scold; to rebuke
  • to press oil
過ぐ【すぐsugu】

upper nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

JLPTN2
崩れる★【くずれるkuzureru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to collapse; to crumble
  • to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to become disorganized; to become untidy
  • to break down; to be thrown into disarray
  • to crash (stock market); to slump; to decline
  • to break money into small change
  • to turn bad (e.g. weather); to change for the worse; to deteriorate

来週raishuu天気tenkiがgaくずれるkuzureruことkotoはhaないnaiでしょうdeshou。 I do not believe the weather will change for the worse next week.

彼女kanojoはha床yukaにni崩れるkuzureruようにしてyounishite倒れたtaoreta。 She fell in a heap to the floor.

彼kareはha彼女のkanojono足元ashimotoにni崩れるkuzureruようにyouni倒れたtaoreta。 He collapsed at her feet.

JLPTN1
生かす★【いかすikasu】活かす Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to leverage (skills, attributes, experience, etc.); to capitalise on (experience, etc.)
  • to let live; to keep alive
  • to revive; to resuscitate; to bring back to life
  • to restore (a deleted passage; in proofreading)

自分jibunのno才能sainouをwo思う思u存分存分生かすikasuにはniha、自分jibunにniもっとmottoふさわしいfusawashii職業shokugyou、新しいatarashii職場shokubaをwo見つけるmitsukeruことkotoですdesu。 In order to bring out your talents to the full you need to a profession more suited to you, to find a new work place.

君kimiをwo生かすikasuもmo殺すkorosuもmo僕boku次第shidaiだda。 It's up to me whether I kill you or let you live!

JLPTN4
生きる★【いきるikiru】活きる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to live; to exist
  • to make a living; to subsist
  • to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • to come to life; to be enlivened
  • to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)

僕bokuはha彼女kanojo無しnashiにni生きるikiru術jutsuをwo学んmananだda。 I learned to live without her.

私watashiたちtachiはha兄弟kyoudaiとしてtoshite共にtomoni生きるikiruことkotoをwo知らshiraなけれnakereばbaならnaraないnai。さsaもmoなくnakuばba、愚か者orokamonoとしてtoshite共にtomoni滅びるhorobiruでdeあろaroうu。 We must learn to live together as brothers, or we will perish together as fools.

JLPTN3
広がる☆【ひろがるhirogaru】拡がる Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)

やっぱりyappari男手otokodeがgaあるaruとto、作業sagyouのno幅habaがga広がるhirogaruねぇnee。 When there's a man around, the work that can be done sure increases.

JLPTN2
承る☆【うけたまわるuketamawaru】受け賜るirr. Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to hear; to be told; to know - humble language
  • to receive (order); to undertake; to comply; to take (a reservation, etc.)
JLPTN2
しぼむshibomu☆《萎む・凋む》 Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to wither (of flowers, dreams, etc.); to wilt; to droop; to shrivel; to fade (away); to sag; to deflate

花hanaはha切られるkirareruとtoすぐにsuguniしぼむshibomu。 Flowers soon fade when they have been cut.

JLPTN2
かじるkajiru☆《噛る・齧る・囓る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to munch; to crunch
  • to dabble in; to have a smattering of
JLPTN2
塞ぐ☆【ふさぐfusagu】 Inflection

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

  • to stop up; to close up; to block (up); to plug up; to shut up; to cover (ears, eyes, etc.); to close (eyes, mouth)
  • to stand in the way; to obstruct
  • to occupy; to fill up; to take up
  • to perform one's role; to do one's duty

godan ~ぐ verb / intransitive verb:

冬fuyuになるとninaruto気kiがgaふさぐfusagu。 I suffer from depression during the winter.

JLPTN1
澄ます☆【すますsumasu】清ます Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to clear; to make clear
  • to be unruffled; to look unconcerned; to feign indifference
  • to look demure; to look prim; to put on airs
  • to strain (one's ears); to listen carefully ➜ 耳を澄ます【みみをすます】
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