expression / godan ~す verb:

• to lead a stingy life; to scrimp and save; to pinch pennies; to light one's fingernail (instead of a candle) [literal]

noun:

• modern history; modern and current history; recent history; recent contemporary history

expression:

• almost never; few and far between; little or nothing; hardly any; hardly anything at all; very little

ichidan verb:

• to cut up; to cut and discard; to eliminate systematically (in fault-finding); to isolate

noun / adjectival noun:

• being faithful to one's principles; being of firm purpose and deep commitment; constancy; true blue - four character idiom

interjection:

• do it; up and at 'em; cheers; hurrah - used to cheer sb on - archaism

noun:

• heliox; gas mixture of helium and oxygen; often hypoxic gas mix used by divers; medical gas used for its low density and easy breathing

expression:

• Oh yeah; Of course it is so; Cheer up, that's average; It happens; It's possible; Don't worry, it happens

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• flickering; flashing on and off; twinkling; glittering - onomatopoeia
• glaringly (bright); painfully (bright) - onomatopoeia
• prickling (pain) - onomatopoeia

adverb:

• widely; far and wide; extensively; universally

noun / ~する noun:

• reading (the parts one is interested in); reading here and there; skimming through; browsing
• reading word by word; reading only the parts one can understand

noun:

• not exceeding; and downward; ... and below
• below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level)
• the below-mentioned; the following; the rest

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• not less than; ... and more; ... and upwards ➜ 余
• beyond ... (e.g. one's means); further (e.g. nothing further to say); more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that)
• above-mentioned; foregoing
• since ...; seeing that ...
• this is all; that is the end; the end

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• making a round trip; going and returning; coming and going
• round-trip ticket; return ticket - abbreviation ➜ 往復切符
• correspondence; exchanging (letters)
• socializing; visiting one another

ichidan verb:

• to rendezvous; to meet at a prearranged place and time; to arrange to meet

~する noun / adverb / ~と adverb:

• dangling heavily; swaying to and fro; swinging - onomatopoeia
• strolling; rambling; roaming; wandering - onomatopoeia
• idly; lazily; leisurely; aimlessly - onomatopoeia
• persisting (of an illness) - onomatopoeia

adverb:

• occasionally; now and then; sometimes

conjunction:

• cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study); holding both roles (e.g. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs); and; in addition; concurrently; at the same time

adverb:

• from the bottom of one's heart; heart and soul; by nature

adverb:

• until now; so far; up to the present ➜ 今から

expression / noun:

• grassroots; rank and file; the roots of grass

noun:

• the four cardinal directions; north, east, south and west; all directions
• surroundings ［しほう・よほう］
• many countries; the whole world ［しほう］
• all around; here and there ［よも］
• square; quadrilateral; four-sided figure ［しほう・よほう］
• four sides (of a square)

noun / ~する noun:

• loan; debit and credit; lending and borrowing

noun:

• everyone; each and every one (of you); ladies and gentlemen

interjection:

• goodbye; so long; farewell ➜ さようなら

noun / ~する noun:

• saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; parting with

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• farewell (performance, party, etc.); final; last; game-winning (e.g. hit)