auxiliary verb:

• indicates respect for the one performing an action and politeness to the listener - after a monosyllable imperfective form verb - archaism - female language - polite language

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to depend on somebody else's (financial) support (usu. one's parents') ➜ 親のすねをかじる

expression:

• one never knows (what will happen); there's no telling (what the future holds)

noun:

• crawling on all fours; getting on one's hands and knees; falling flat ➜ 四つん這い【よつんばい】

noun:

• passing food from one person's chopsticks to another's (a breach of etiquette)

noun:

• fitness training; development of physical strength; building stamina; keeping up one's fitness

adverb / ~と adverb:

• pleasantly (warm) - onomatopoeia
• faintly; lightly - onomatopoeia
• suddenly; unexpectedly - onomatopoeia
• accidentally; carelessly - onomatopoeia
• gaping wide; opening one's mouth wide - onomatopoeia

expression:

• blessed are the peacemakers; one should appreciate and follow the advice of a mediator - proverb ➜ 時の氏神【ときのうじがみ】・挨拶

noun / ~する noun:

• guidance; leading (the way); showing around
• information; notice; notification
• announcement (of one's arrival)
• invitation
• acquaintance; knowledge

noun:

• skin; hide; pelt; fur ➜ 革
• rind; peel; husk; bark
• shell; sheath; wrapping
• mask (hiding one's true nature); seeming ➜ 化けの皮【ばけのかわ】・欲の皮が突っ張る【よくのかわがつっぱる】

noun:

• hut; cabin; shed; (animal) pen
• small theatre (theater); temporary playhouse; circus tent; booth ［こや］
• one's own house - esp. しょうおく - humble language - colloquialism

noun / ~の noun:

• another place; somewhere else; strange parts ➜ 他所【たしょ】

noun:

• outside (one's family or group); those people Antonym: 内【うち】
• unrelated matter - often as 〜をよそに, 〜をよそにして, etc. ➜ よそにする

noun / ~する noun:

• changing household registry; transfer (e.g. of one's name in the register)
• transferring to a different team - Sports term

pronoun:

• we; us
• I; me - archaism
• you (referring to a group of one's equals or inferiors) - archaism

adjectival noun / noun:

• thoughtless; indiscreet; lacking in common sense; rashness; betraying one's lack of judgment (judgement); absurd; undignified; compromising; disgraceful

noun:

• passion; sexual desire; lust
• attachment (esp. to one's family or a member of the opposite sex) - Buddhism term

noun / ~する noun:

• going through thick and thin to attain one's objective; enduring unspeakable hardships for the sake of vengeance - four character idiom

noun:

• teacher; master; one's mentor

noun / suffix:

• religious leader

suffix:

• specialist

noun:

• five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army) - archaism

expression:

• one's word is worth 1,000 pieces of gold; a promise should be kept at all cost - four character idiom

noun:

• recouping one's strength for a renewed attack (on); making another attempt with redoubled efforts - four character idiom

noun:

• not being obsessed with something very long (just as clouds and haze pass swiftly before one's eyes) - four character idiom

expression / adjective:

• (so ashamed or embarrassed that) one does not know where to put oneself; feeling out of place

noun:

• one country, two systems (Chinese policy allowing for the communist mainland and capitalist areas such as Hong Kong)

noun:

• stupa-shaped stone distance indicators placed at intervals of one cho (approx. 109 meters) on a temple approach ➜ 町石

expression:

• whether you like it or not; no matter what one may do; in any event; at all events