expression / godan ~う verb:

• to speak with restraint; to understate; to downplay; to put it mildly; to say the least

noun / ~する noun:

• presenting; presentation

noun:

• Dear (so and so); Dear Sir; Dear Madam; To Whom It May Concern - salutation of a formal letter - honorific language

expression / noun:

• a man among the geese when the gander is away; a one-eyed king in the land of the blind; a bat in a village without birds [literal] - idiom

noun / suffix noun:

• sequel; continuation; (also suffix) continuation (in time and space); second series; succession; spell

noun / adjectival noun:

• blank; blank space

noun:

• gap; time spent not doing something (e.g. working, practicing)

noun:

• interval; distance; break; pause
• suitable time; appropriate opportunity
• distance between opponents (kendo)

noun:

• for ever and ever; (through) eternity; countless ages; till the end of time - four character idiom

interjection:

• yes; yeah; uh huh ➜ うん
• huh?; what?

auxiliary verb / suffix:

• not - negative verb ending used in informal speech; abbr. of negative verb ending ぬ ➜ ぬ

particle:

• 's - abbr. of particle の; indicates possessive ➜ の・の
• at (place, time); in; on; during - abbr. of particle に, used esp. when it precedes the verb なる ➜ に

noun:

• time of year when television and radio replace programs (usu. spring and fall)

noun / ~する noun:

• rising and going to bed; daily life

adverb:

• all the time; constantly; whether awake or asleep

noun / ~する noun:

• biding one's time building up strength till finally grasping an opportunity to launch out and flourish - four character idiom

noun:

• karayuki-san; young Japanese women who were sent to work (mainly as prostitutes) in foreign countries, esp. in Southeast Asia (Meiji to early Showa) ➜ 唐行き【からゆき】

noun / ~する noun:

• entering a temple; visiting a temple
• joining a temple as a priest or head priest - obscure term

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to bring calamity upon oneself; to put your foot in it; to dig your own grave - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• physical labor; physical labour; physical work
• forced labor imposed by the government (e.g. under the ritsuryo system) ➜ 力役【りきやく】

noun:

• lintel of the alcove in a tea room or a window in a shoin-style reception room
• cloud-shaped carving on the bottom of a transom
• metallic bowl used to hold the charcoal in a wooden hibachi ➜ 火鉢

expression:

• better to be the beak of a rooster than the rump of a bull; better to be the leader of a small group than a subordinate in a large organization; better to be a big fish in a little pond than a little fish in a big pond - four character idiom

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to say it out loud; to yell out; to emphasize ➜ 声を大にする

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to make up a shortfall; to cover a shortage; to compensate for a shortage; to fill a gap

expression:

• half a loaf is better than none; even a dead tree adds to the interest of a mountain [literal] - proverb

noun:

• pent roof built atop the stairs of a shrine or a building in a classic aristocratic villa ➜ 寝殿造り・向拝

noun:

• votive tablet depicting a math puzzle given in devotion to a shrine or temple by a wasan mathematician ➜ 和算【わさん】

noun / ~の noun:

• very resourcefully using tactics adapting oneself to the requirements of the moment; playing it by ear; acting according to circumstances - four character idiom

expression:

• zip it (when used to others); I'll shut up (when used by oneself); button (one's) lips - colloquialism ➜ チャック

noun:

• teething fever
• developmental fever; fever that brings with it an intellectual or psycho-developmental growth spurt