expression / godan ~る verb:

• to come to nothing; to be in vain; to lead nowhere

conjunction:

• if so; in that case; in that situation ➜ そうすれば

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to substitute for; to stand in for; to fill in for

noun / ~の noun:

• aboard a vehicle; in a car; on a train

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to carry under the arm; to rake in; to scoop up ➜ 掻き込む

interjection:

• keep going; hang in there; go for it - From Chinese "jiāyóu" ➜ 頑張って

adverb:

• naturally; in due course; by itself

adjectival noun:

• nominal; in name only; only by terminology

~の noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• brimming with fighting spirit; being strong in the will to fight; burning with combativeness - four character idiom

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to stand on tiptoe; to rise in the world; to become arrogant

noun:

• treacherous friend; snake in one's bosom; treacherous insider - four character idiom

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to interfere; to butt in; to interrupt someone

expression / adjective:

• unable to move; dead in the water; completely helpless

adverb:

• identically; in the (exact) same way; similarly

noun / adjectival noun:

• bad at socializing; bad in social situation; being a bad mixer

expression / adjective:

• depending largely on; playing a large role in; due largely to - as ～によるところが大きい

expression:

• with great vigour; in leaps and bounds; with the force of surging waves [literal]

adverb:

• ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"); ... on earth (e.g. "who on earth?") - emph. form of 一体 - four character idiom

noun:

• charge; duty; person in charge; official; clerk - esp. 係 ➜ 掛かり【かかり】
• connection; linking - esp. 係り - Linguistics term ➜ 係り結び

noun / ~する noun:

• being enthusiastic about; being wild about; being absorbed in; being engrossed in; being devoted to

adverbial noun:

• just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that

adverb:

• that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
• in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically

noun:

• clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
• shrinkage
• end; conclusion ➜ とどのつまり
• dead end; corner - archaism
• distress; being at the end of one's rope - archaism

adverb:

• at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know; for you see ➜ 何せ

adverbial noun / conjunction:

• etc.; otherwise; besides; in addition; the rest; the others; and so forth - そのた is the more common reading when written

noun / ~の noun:

• prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante ➜ 事後