noun:

• rock (in rock, paper, scissors game) ➜ じゃん拳・グー

adverb / noun:

• sound made through constricted throat - onomatopoeia ➜ ぐうの音も出ない
• sound made in suffering or under adversity - onomatopoeia

noun / suffix noun:

• taking; taker; collecting; collector; remover; removal

noun:

• last performer of the day (usu. the star performer); last performance of the day
• active partner (e.g. in judo demonstration)

prefix:

• emphatic or formal prefix - before a verb

noun:

• rim of a volcano, esp. Mt. Fuji
• wrestling ring - Sumo term
• dire or risky situation with no room for error; sink-or-swim position

particle:

• particle indicating a command - particle always used at sentence-end
• particle indicating mild enthusiasm - often as ことね - female language
• particle indicating a gentle interrogative
• particle used to soften a judgment or conclusion - at sentence end as ことよ

expression:

• in the middle of something; busy with something
• in commotion as a result of something untoward happening
• currently importing or capturing data

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to read a kanji with a different pronunciation
• to load (e.g. data on a computer); to read
• to change the language or wording (of a provision, etc.); to apply a different term - Law term

noun:

• Asplenium antiquum (species of spleenwort) ➜ 大谷渡
• Dendropanax trifidus (species of flowering plant) ➜ 隠れ蓑
• leaves used for serving or offering sake, rice, etc. ➜ 三角柏

noun:

• backyard
• background
• room in a store or restaurant not open to customers (often storage room) - colloquialism

noun / suffix:

• public matter; governmental matter ➜ 私【し】
• prince; duke

noun / suffix noun:

• lord; sir

suffix noun:

• familiar or derogatory suffix - after a name, etc.

noun:

• scorch; burn; scorching
• burnt rice ➜ お焦げ【おこげ】
• part of ceramic glaze that has become dark or darkish-brown during firing

noun:

• one's business - archaism - polite language
• reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha
• bargain; discount
• money paid to a prostitute or geisha

noun:

• turnover (of possession) - Sports term
• (metabolic) turnover
• egg cooked on both sides; eggs over easy - From English
• number of strokes in a set time or distance (swimming) - Sports term

noun:

• false start; jumping the gun - From English "flying start"
• flying start; running start
• broadcasting a television or radio program a few minutes before its scheduled time

noun:

• group - Chemistry term ➜ 官能基
• (free) radical ➜ 遊離基

counter:

• counter for installed or mounted objects (e.g. stone lanterns, gravestones, satellites)

noun:

• sitting outdoors - archaism
• room that served both as a reception room and as a living room in a Heian-period mansion ➜ 寝殿造り
• temporary sitting place installed in the garden at the imperial court, used on the occasion of archery or sumo ceremonies

expression / noun:

• good thing; nice thing
• good excuse; good grounds; good opportunity - usu. as 〜をいいことに(して)

interjection:

• interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response - female language

suffix noun / noun:

• soiling; polluting; being dirty - Food term
• shame; disgrace; dishonor; dishonour

noun:

• chopped fish, shellfish or vegetables, dressed with (miso or other) sauce

noun:

• time - Buddhism term - From Sanskrit "samaya"
• meeting; coming together - Buddhism term
• equality, warning, or riddance of hindrances (esp. in esoteric Buddhism as vows of the buddhas and bodhisattvas) - Buddhism term

noun:

• spices; condiments; seasoning
• adjuvant (in Chinese medicine); addition of an adjuvant - Medicine term
• meat, fish, vegetables, etc. added to rice or udon (e.g to make gomoku meshi) - Kansai dialect ➜ 五目飯

auxiliary:

• seeming to be; appearing to be - usu. at sentence-end
• like; similar to ➜ ような
• in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that ➜ ように
• indicates hope, wish, request or mild command - as ように at sentence-end

~と adverb / adverb:

• bang; bam; boom; thud; thump; crash - onomatopoeia

noun:

• noontime signal gun (early Meiji to early Showa); noontime signal shot

prefix:

• precisely; exactly; plumb; totally; very ➜ ど

suffix:

• Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms.; -san ［どん］ - southern Kyushu equiv. of -さん - honorific language - familiar language ➜ 殿【どの】

noun:

• devil; demon; fiend
• Satan; the Devil - in Christianity and Judaism ➜ サタン
• Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment - Buddhism term

noun:

• elegance; grace; refinement; class; dignity

suffix:

• article; item

suffix / counter:

• counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant) - sometimes pronounced ぴん

prefix noun:

• (of) Japanese descent

noun:

• non-Japanese of Japanese descent; nikkeijin - abbreviation ➜ 日系人
• company, etc. set up with Japanese capital; company managed by Japanese or non-Japanese of Japanese descent

noun / ~する noun:

• break (rest) ➜ 休憩
• break (tennis, boxing, snooker, etc.) - Sports term
• suddenly becoming popular; becoming a hit