noun:

• wheat gluten (usu. steamed or baked) - polite language - Food term ➜ 麸【ふ】・生麩【なまふ】・焼き麩【やきふ】

noun:

• meat (esp. chicken) without bones, skin or excess fat

noun:

• hutong; narrow street or alley, esp. in Beijing - From Chinese

noun:

• kumis; kumiss; koumiss; fermented mare or camel's milk ➜ 馬乳酒【ばにゅうしゅ】

noun:

• padding (clothing or bedding); insulation; cotton wadding; stuffing (furniture)

noun / ~する noun:

• downgrading; demotion; degradation; lowering of position (or rank, etc.) Antonym: 昇級

noun:

• shooto; martial arts competition leading to knockouts or submission - Sports term - From English "shoot"

expression / noun:

• red hakama (worn by miko or noblewomen at court) ➜ 紅の袴【くれないのはかま】

noun:

• lamplighter; town employee who lit oil or gas streetlights

noun:

• one's fame or achievements being passed down eternally - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• e-mailing or texting someone many times - colloquialism

noun:

• treating cloth before cutting to prevent shrinkage or expansion

expression:

• plan ahead or you will soon have worries [literal] - proverb

noun:

• millionaire ［ちょうじゃ］
• one's superior; one's elder; one's senior
• virtuous and gentle person - archaism
• female owner of a whorehouse in a post town ［ちょうじゃ］ - archaism
• chief of a post town ［ちょうじゃ］ - archaism ➜ 宿駅

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to knead; to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame)
• to polish (a plan, etc.); to refine; to elaborate; to work out
• to train; to drill; to exercise
• to gloss (silk); to soften; to degum ［練る］
• to tan (leather)
• to temper (steel) - also written as 錬る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to walk in procession; to parade; to march - also written as 邌る

expression / ichidan verb:

• to put a stop to; to put a hold on; to put the brakes on; to call a halt to; to block; to shelve

noun / ~する noun:

• payment of a sum twice the original; giving back a gift double the value of the one received; repaying twofold
• inflicting a revenge twice as hurtful (painful, costly, etc.) as the original misdeed

noun:

• townhouse (i.e. house in the middle of a town); traditional townhouse
• tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family

expression:

• rejecting the advances of women is a man's shame; shameful is he who spurns a woman's invitation; not eating the meal set before him is a man's shame [literal] - proverb ➜ 据え膳【すえぜん】

expression:

• small bag and young woman [literal]
• like a small bag seems to be able to contain few items yet can be stuffed with many, a young woman seems inexpensive to bring up yet can end up costing a lot
• a young woman and a small bag are both fragile and great care must be taken with both of them

expression / ichidan verb:

• to fill in a hole; to plug up a hole; to fill in for a vacancy

noun / ~する noun:

• listing (on the stock exchange, etc.); taking a company public
• presentation (e.g. of a play, opera); performance ➜ 上演

noun:

• a little more than usual; bribe money added to a regular fee; and then some - From English "plus alpha"

noun:

• bread roll filled with anko
• paint thinner placed inside a bag used as a drug

noun:

• post-retirement job; work done by a retired person where earning an income is not a primary concern - four character idiom