noun:

• karayuki-san; young Japanese women who were sent to work (mainly as prostitutes) in foreign countries, esp. in Southeast Asia (Meiji to early Showa)

noun:

• Nanking Incident (targeting of Nanking's foreign properties and residents by Kuomintang troops in March, 1927)
• Rape of Nanking (1937); Nanking Massacre ➜ 南京大虐殺

noun:

• security police; special police
• special; TV special ➜ スペシャル
• standard-playing (record); SP ➜ ＬＰ
• shore patrol
• sales promotion ➜ セールスプロモーション
• save point - Baseball term ➜ セーブポイント
• short program (in figure skating) - Sports term ➜ ショートプログラム
• structured programming - IT term ➜ 構造化プログラミング

noun:

• yen-denominated foreign bond; samurai bond; bond denominated in yen issued by a non-Japanese issuer

noun:

• karayuki-san; young Japanese women who were sent to work (mainly as prostitutes) in foreign countries, esp. in Southeast Asia (Meiji to early Showa) ➜ 唐行き【からゆき】

expression / ichidan verb:

• to keep a record; to keep a tally

expression / ichidan verb:

• to die in (a foreign land); to engage in something until death comes; to do something for the rest of one's life

noun / ~する noun:

• opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port
• opening a port to foreign vessels or trade

noun:

• label (i.e. sticker)
• label (i.e. record label) - esp. レーベル

noun / ~の noun:

• inside and outside; interior and exterior
• inside and outside the country; home and abroad; domestic and foreign ［ないがい］

suffix noun:

• around; about; approximately

noun:

• language spoken by the Emishi ➜ 蝦夷【えぞ】
• languages spoken by the nanban during the Edo Period (e.g. Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch) ➜ 南蛮【なんばん】
• foreign language

noun / ~する noun:

• intake (e.g. of salt); ingestion
• absorption (e.g. of new knowledge); adoption (e.g. of foreign culture); assimilation
• reception and protection - Buddhism term

~する noun:

• to block (e.g. the way)

noun:

• block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.)
• bloc

noun / ~する noun:

• block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape) - IT term

noun:

• rice that has browned (due to age)
• variety of low-quality foreign rice
• red rice (ancient variety of rice); red-kerneled rice

conjunction:

• cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study); holding both roles (e.g. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs); and; in addition; concurrently; at the same time

noun:

• Institute for the Study of Western Books (Edo period); Institute for the Investigation of Foreign Books

noun:

• hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era

noun:

• mark; symbol; insignia; logo; label; emblem

~する noun:

• to mark; to put a mark on

noun:

• trademark - abbreviation ➜ トレードマーク

noun / ~する noun:

• paying attention to; focusing on; watching; guarding; marking
• registering a record (in sport, etc.)

noun:

• Mach (OS kernel) - IT term

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to stop; to stay (e.g. the night); to cease; to put an end to
• to contain; to keep (in position, in place); to limit
• to record (e.g. a fact); to retain ➜ 記憶にとどめる

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• thundering; purring; grumbling (e.g. stomach) - onomatopoeia
• something large and heavy starting to roll - onomatopoeia
• scattered about; common; commonplace; all over - onomatopoeia
• idleness; idling about - onomatopoeia
• having a foreign substance in (e.g. one's eye or stomach) - onomatopoeia

noun:

• thunder - children's language - onomatopoeia

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to mince; to cut fine; to chop up; to hash; to shred
• to carve; to engrave; to chisel; to notch
• to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to record the passing moments
• to etch (into one's mind); to remember distinctly - as 心に刻む, etc. ➜ 心に刻む
• to have tattooed - archaism
• to torment - archaism

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to contend for

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to go after (a prize, record, etc.)
• to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to step on; to tread on; to trample on
• to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to visit
• to experience; to undergo
• to follow (rules, principles, etc.); to go through (e.g. formalities); to complete
• to estimate; to guess; to judge; to value; to appraise
• to rhyme ➜ 韻を踏む
• to succeed to (e.g. the throne)

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to tear; to rip; to break; to destroy
• to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach
• to defeat; to beat
• to break (e.g. silence); to disturb (e.g. peace); to shatter (e.g. dream); to disrupt; to spoil
• to violate (e.g. rule); to break (e.g. promise); to infringe
• to break (a record)

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct - 造る usu. for large-scale building, manufacturing, etc.; 創る usu. for creating
• to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol)
• to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train ➜ 野菜を作る
• to till
• to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write
• to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose
• to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found
• to have (a child)
• to make up (one's face, etc.)
• to fabricate (an excuse, etc.)
• to give a (false) appearance; to feign (a smile, etc.); to put on a show of emotion
• to form (a line, etc.)
• to set (a record)
• to commit (a sin, etc.)