expression / godan ~つ verb:

• for something unexpected to happen (to someone or something one is close to) - idiom

expression:

• (deciding to do something) abruptly; at the turn of a dime - usu. as 足元から鳥が立つように - idiom

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to offer something to a deity or somebody's spirit
• to pay a tribute to a person who is about to depart

noun:

• box in which ashes of the deceased are kept; box in which a funerary urn is kept

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to take care of - archaism
• to be too much for one; to find unmanageable; to be beyond one's control; to not know what to do with - archaism ➜ 持て余す

expression:

• to live long is to outlive much; the longer you live, the more shame you suffer - proverb

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to not know what to do with; to be at a loss with; to have difficulty with; to be put out - idiom

noun:

• indigenous person; inhabitant of a country
• local; native ［くにびと］
• local lords and samurai
• daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period) ［くにうど・くにゅうど］ ➜ ざいこくしゅう

adjectival noun / noun:

• unreasonable; unnatural; unjustifiable
• impossible

adjectival noun / noun / ~する noun:

• forcible; forced; compulsory - often as 無理に

adjectival noun:

• excessive (work, etc.); immoderate

~する noun:

• to work too hard; to try too hard

interjection:

• no way; not a chance; never; dream on - colloquialism

~の noun:

• irrational - Mathematics term

noun:

• errand; mission; going as envoy - polite language ➜ 使い【つかい】
• messenger; bearer; errand boy; errand girl - polite language
• familiar spirit - polite language - honorific language

interjection:

• heigh-hoh; heave-ho
• hold on!; just a minute
• used as a meaningless word in a song for rhythm

adverb:

• at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know; for you see ➜ 何せ

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• half-year (sometimes esp. as an Edo-period duration of employment) ➜ 一季
• half of a season

noun:

• things happening exactly as one pleases (wishes); someone being very attentive to one's wishes - four character idiom

noun:

• game played as a form of punishment by the loser of a contest

noun:

• shadow cast by Mount Fuji; image of Mount Fuji as reflected in a lake, etc.

noun:

• logical paragraph (as opposed to a formal paragraph); segment of text expressing a single meaning ➜ 形式段落

noun:

• picture painted by hand; painting (as opposed to a woodblock print); original painting; original drawing

noun:

• writing some characters (esp. complex kanji) of a compound as kana instead of kanji - e.g. しょう油, 宝くじ

noun:

• deer raised upon the grounds of a shrine (who serve as messengers of the gods)

noun:

• mind-made body; body as born out of a certain kind of intent or mindfulness - Buddhism term

noun:

• whole cake; cake sold whole (as opposed to in individual slices)

suffix / ichidan verb:

• to seem to be ...; to become like ...; to behave as ... ➜ 大人びる・鄙びる

godan ~く verb:

• to do in advance; to do as a preparation - contraction of ～しておく - colloquialism

noun:

• law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation
• vinaya (rules for the monastic community) - Buddhism term
• Ritsu (school of Buddhism) - abbreviation ➜ 律宗
• lushi (style of Chinese poem) - abbreviation ➜ 律詩
• (musical) pitch - also りち
• six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale ➜ 十二律・呂
• Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale, similar to Dorian mode (corresponding to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do) - abbreviation ➜ 律旋

noun / suffix noun / counter:

• (in traditional Eastern music) step (corresponding to a Western semitone)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to do exactly what one is told to do; to be subservient; to be easily controlled