ichidan verb / transitive:

• to assert; to declare; to claim; to state; to insist; to maintain
• to list (one by one); to enumerate; to count off
• to spread rumours (rumors); to go on and on (about)
• to use as an excuse - archaism

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to drop; to lose; to let fall; to shed (light); to cast (one's gaze); to pour in (liquid); to leave behind
• to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose; to spend money at a certain place; to omit; to leave out; to secretly let escape
• to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to fail (a course); to defeat (in an election)
• to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice); to lessen (e.g. production or body weight); to worsen (quality); to reduce (e.g. rank or popularity); to speak badly of; to make light of; to fall into straitened circumstances
• to fall into (e.g. a dilemma or sin); to make one's own; to have one's bid accepted; to force surrender; to take (e.g. an enemy camp or castle); to forcefully convince; to press for a confession; to deal with
• to download; to copy from a computer to another medium - IT term
• to make someone swoon (judo) - Martial Arts term
• to finish a story (e.g. with the punch line)
• to finish (a period, e.g. of fasting)

auxiliary verb:

• used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader) - polite language ➜ ませ
• used to indicate respect for those affected by the action - archaism - humble language

noun / ~の noun:

• the past; bygone days; the previous
• a past (i.e. a personal history one would prefer remained secret); one's past
• past (tense); preterit; preterite - Linguistics term
• previous life - Buddhism term

noun / ~する noun:

• opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services
• reopening (e.g. a road to traffic); resumption of services

noun:

• principal object of worship at a temple (usu. a buddha or bodhisattva); principal image; idol
• the man himself; the person at the heart of the matter - humorous term

noun:

• hinoki leaf ➜ 檜
• hiba false arborvitae (species of cypress, Thujopsis dolabrata) ➜ 翌檜
• small ornamental false cypress (i.e. a variety of hinoki or a related species) ➜ 矮鶏檜葉

expression:

• a narrow-minded person cannot understand the ways of the world; a frog in the well cannot understand the ocean even if it is explained to it [literal] - proverb ➜ 井の中の蛙大海を知らず【いのなかのかわずたいかいをしらず】・井蛙【せいあ】

counter:

• counter for ships (large boats)
• counter for half of a pair (e.g. half of a folding screen)
• counter for fish, birds, arrows, etc.

noun / ~の noun:

• artificial product; man-made product; imitation; fake; sham
• fiction

noun:

• decoration (e.g. for a festival)
• theatrical prop (esp. a large prop in noh or kyogen, e.g. tree, well, etc.)
• crop

noun:

• Kintaro; hero boy of Japanese folklore, who befriended animals and had supernatural strength - childhood name of late-Heian warrior Sakata no Kintoki
• Kintaro doll (usu. having a plump red face, carrying an axe, and wearing a red apron)
• diamond-shaped apron

noun / ~の noun:

• sophistication; wordly wisdom

~する noun:

• to lose one's innocence; to get sophisticated; to get to know the world by being in contact with people; to lose one's naivete

noun / ~する noun:

• leaving (e.g. work at end of day); withdrawal (e.g. from a noble's or superior's presence); exit (e.g. from a market)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to sing at the top of one's voice; to belt out a song
• to express one's feelings fully in a poem; to praise in poetry

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to encourage to do (something); to urge a person on; to demand action - idiom
• to spank; to give a spanking; to hit someone on the bottom; to beat someone's backside

noun:

• head of a school (of music, dance); head family of a school

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to ask a question
• to begin to ask a question

noun:

• representative of a board of directors; spokesperson for a board of directors

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be treated to a meal; to be given a meal

noun:

• man who takes his wife's family name and marries into her family; man who is adopted by his wife's family

expression / noun:

• hard work gone unnoticed; thankless task; a dance under a veranda [literal] - idiom
• off-stage dance that used to be performed on the 22th of the 2nd month in the lunar calendar in Osaka's Tennouji - orig. meaning

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to point
• to nominate; to select someone; to specify some person
• to identify; to indicate; to point out
• to play (a game of shogi); to move (a piece) - Shōgi term
• to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance) ➜ 差す

noun / ~する noun:

• lead; leading; taking the lead

noun:

• lead (of a newspaper, etc.); lede
• lead (wire)
• lead (e.g. dog); leash
• reed (of a woodwind, etc.)
• lied; German song, usu. for solo voice & piano - From German "Lied" ➜ リート

noun / ~する noun:

• read; reading

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to vacate; to surrender (e.g. a castle); to give up (e.g. a position); to hand over (e.g. power)

noun / ~する noun:

• spending one night ahead (e.g. at a hotel near the airport the night before catching a flight); spending the night before ➜ 後泊【こうはく】