godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to be ill; to suffer from - esp. 患う
• to worry about; to be concerned about ［煩う］

auxiliary verb / godan ~う verb:

• to have trouble doing ...; to be unable to ...; to fail to ... - esp. 煩う, after the -masu stem of a verb

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to harm; to hurt; to injure; to wreck

auxiliary verb:

• to miss one's chance to (do something); to fail to (do what one ought to have done)

adjective:

• nonexistent; not being (there) ➜ 亡い
• unpossessed; unowned; not had
• unique ➜ またとない
• not; impossible; won't happen - as ...ことがない, etc.; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility

auxiliary adjective:

• not ... - after the ren'youkei form of an adjective ➜ ない
• to not be...; to have not ... - after the -te form of a verb

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to reach an extreme; to reach a limit; to terminate; to come to an end

auxiliary verb / noun or verb acting prenominally / godan ~る verb:

• extremely - after adjectival noun. e.g. 退屈極まる話

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be stuck; to be in a dilemma; to be at a loss - esp. 窮まる. occ. 谷まる
• to be decided; to be settled

auxiliary adjective / adjective:

• difficult to ...; hard to ... - after -masu stem of verb ➜ 為難い【しにくい】

auxiliary adjective:

• seeming ...; appearing ... - expresses judgement based on evidence, reason or trustworthy hearsay

suffix / adjective:

• -ish; like a ...; typical of ...; appropriate for ...; becoming of ...; worthy of the name ... - after a noun, adverb or adjective stem

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to fish
• to look for; to search for; to hunt for; to scavenge; to scrounge; to look through; to rummage through ［あさる］

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to go on a spree (spending, reading, etc.); to binge ［あさる］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to indulge in; to give oneself up to; to be obsessed by

auxiliary verb:

• to be engrossed in; to be lost in; to be absorbed in ➜ 読み耽る

auxiliary verb:

• like; as if; the same as ➜ 如き

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to lose sight of (one's companions); to stray from

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• to miss (one's chance to ...) - after the -masu stem of a verb, sometimes as っぱぐれる

auxiliary:

• if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that - hypothetical form of the copula だ, from なり and sometimes classed as a particle
• as for; on the topic of ［なら］

conjunction:

• if that's the case; if so; that being the case - colloquialism - abbreviation ➜ それなら
• if possible; if circumstances allow ［ならば］

expression / auxiliary:

• on the occasion of ➜ 度に

auxiliary:

• should; must; that one ought to; to be done - suf. to verbs
• -able - passive ending
• probably; likely

auxiliary verb / godan ~う verb:

• to do something completely - contraction of ..て or で plus しまう

auxiliary adjective:

• want to ... do something; would like to ... - after the -masu stem of a verb

particle:

• indicates emphasis - at sentence-end - Kyūshū dialect

suffix / adjective:

• very ... - after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; also ったい ➜ めでたい

particle:

• indicates location of action; at; in - にて is the formal literary form
• indicates time of action
• indicates means of action; cause of effect; by

conjunction:

• and then; so

auxiliary:

• indicates continuing action ［で］ - alternate form of 〜て used for some verb types ➜ て

particle:

• indicates certainty, emphasis, etc. ［で］ - at sentence-end - Kansai dialect ➜ よ

particle:

• -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") - as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs
• doing such things as... - used adverbially
• expresses a command - as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb

auxiliary verb:

• to be ［たり］ - from とあり, after a noun - archaism ➜ たる
• indicates completion or continuation of an action ［たり］ - from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb - archaism

particle:

• indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so - at sentence end

interjection:

• hey; come on; listen

auxiliary adjective:

• not - verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation - colloquialism ➜ ない

copula:

• be; is - plain copula ➜ である・です

auxiliary verb:

• has; have - た after certain verb forms; indicates past or completed action ➜ た
• please; do - indicates light imperative ➜ た

auxiliary verb:

• (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of - after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc. ➜ たり・たるや

auxiliary verb / godan ~く verb:

• to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done - contraction of ..て or で plus 置く

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to (seem) eager to; to want to; to be anxious to - not used in the first person; たい with がる affixed ➜ たい・がる

auxiliary:

• it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ... ➜ のだ
• did not ... ［なんだ］ - after the -nai stem of a verb - Kansai dialect

auxiliary:

• probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.)
• don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to
• must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't

auxiliary verb:

• not - verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation

suffix / adjective:

• emphatic suffix - after the root of an adjective ➜ 忙しない