noun:

• young person who stays in their (non-metropolitan) hometown after graduation, drives a car, etc. (unlike the majority who moves to a larger city and commutes by train) ➜ ヤンキー

noun:

• alley; alleyway; lane ［路地・露路］
• bare earth (i.e. ground not covered by a roof); open field; outdoors (non-greenhouse cultivation of crops) ［露地］
• teahouse garden ［路地・露地］
• path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)

noun:

• monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; non-human primate ➜ ニホンザル
• sly person - derogatory term
• idiot; hick - derogatory term
• sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
• clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook ➜ 自在鉤
• bathhouse prostitute - archaism ➜ 湯女

noun / ~の noun:

• firing one shot at a time; single-shot gun ➜ 単発銃【たんぱつじゅう】
• having only one engine; single-engined aeroplane; single-engined airplane ➜ 単発機【たんぱつき】
• one-shot (e.g. story); non-serial; one-off; single occasion

~と adverb / adverb / ~する noun:

• lightly rolling (of a small and round thing) - onomatopoeia
• pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter) - onomatopoeia
• changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); fickly; in a fickle manner - onomatopoeia
• roly-poly - onomatopoeia

~と adverb / adverb:

• chirp chirp; sound of insects - onomatopoeia
• ribbit ribbit; croak croak; sound of frogs - onomatopoeia ➜ ケロケロ

noun:

• roller; lint roller; paint roller ［ころころ・コロコロ］ - onomatopoeia

adjective:

• light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily) Antonym: 重い
• light (i.e. of foot); effortless; nimble; agile
• non-serious; minor; unimportant; trivial
• slight; small; gentle; soft; easy; lighthearted (e.g. joke)
• easy; simple
• indiscriminate ➜ 口が軽い

noun:

• child (esp. a boy)
• viscount ➜ 子爵
• master (founder of a school of thought, esp. Confucius) - honorific language
• philosophy (branch of Chinese literature); non-Confucian Hundred Schools of Thought writings ➜ 諸子百家
• you (of one's equals) - archaism

suffix noun:

• -er (i.e. a man who spends all his time doing...)

noun:

• hundredth of a yen
• coin made of non-precious materials ➜ 銭【ぜに】
• one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency) - obsolete term ➜ 貫
• one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass) - archaism

noun:

• disco dancing with synchronized arm motions

~と adverb:

• falling in (large) drops (e.g. rain, hail); sprinkle (e.g. rain, salt); pattering; clattering (e.g. hail) - onomatopoeia
• flipping through a book; thumbing through a book; riffling cards - onomatopoeia

~と adverb / adjectival noun:

• sparse; scattered (e.g. clumps of grass) - onomatopoeia

~と adverb / ~の noun:

• crumbly (e.g. tofu, cheese, non-sticky rice); loose and falling apart - onomatopoeia

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to stick through; to force through
• to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse
• to make a path between two points
• to proceed in a logical manner ➜ 筋を通す【すじをとおす】
• to let pass; to allow through
• to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.); to show in
• to go through (a middleman)
• to (look, listen) through (a window, wall, etc.)
• to pass (a law, applicant, etc.)
• to force to accept; to force agreement
• to continue (in a state); to persist in
• to do to the entirety of; to cover all of; to span the whole ...
• to do from beginning to end without a break - in the form とおして…する
• to convey (one's ideas, etc.) to the other party
• to do to the end; to carry through; to complete - after the -te form of a verb

noun:

• here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining); this place ➜ 何処・其処・彼処
• these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker) ➜ 今迄
• these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker); the next ... ➜ 此れから

noun:

• southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south) - archaism - derogatory term
• South-East Asia - archaism
• Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies) - archaism ➜ 紅毛

prefix:

• exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style)

noun:

• (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm) - usu.ナンバ
• food prepared using chili peppers or Welsh onions - abbreviation ➜ 南蛮煮【なんばんに】