expression / godan ~る verb:

• to take the middle (between the two); to split the difference

conjunction:

• used when referring to oneself in a letter to one's superior - humble language ➜ 下る
• after a time; later; down to (e.g. from the Restoration down to present day)
• used when listing items or people by decreasing worth, rank, etc.

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to leap out (e.g. onto the stage); to spring out
• to jump (e.g. into first place); to shoot (e.g. to the top); to come to the forefront; to suddenly become prominent

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to prick; to stab
• to poke; to prod; to push; to thrust; to nudge; to hit; to strike
• to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with; to press against (the floor, etc.)
• to attack
• to brave (the rain, etc.)

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to think of as the main point; to make the main purpose; to put the focus on ➜ 主眼

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to rub; to crumple
• to massage
• to argue; to have a heated discussion
• to train; to coach
• to jostle; to crowd; to shake; to rock
• to have various experiences (out in the world) - as もまれる

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to differ (from); to vary
• to not be in the usual condition
• to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
• to be different from promised ➜ 話が違う

expression:

• isn't it?; wasn't it? - at sentence-end; oft. as 〜のと違うか - Kansai dialect

noun / ~する noun:

• acrobatic barrel-rolling (performed using the feet while lying on the back)
• handing something around (within a fixed group of people in a pre-arranged order)
• handing off a problem to someone else (in order to evade responsibility)

noun:

• the way of the world in our time; the frame of mind of the people nowadays - four character idiom

noun:

• flower-patterned material used to bind the ends of the spine in books - From English "head band" ➜ 花布

expression:

• even the hardest of hearts can be moved to tears; a tear in the ogre's eye [literal] - proverb

noun:

• ornamental weights used to keep curtains and the like from blowing around in the wind

noun:

• incense which supposedly allows the spirit of a departed loved one to be seen in the smoke

expression / noun / ~する noun:

• focusing on only the good points or strong points; incorporating the benefits (while ignoring the drawbacks); picking the best of both (everything); cherry-picking (e.g. information) ➜ いいとこ取り【いいとこどり】

noun / ~する noun:

• on-the-spot filming or photography

noun:

• live filming (as opposed to animation); actual picture (as opposed to a drawing); photographic image (as opposed to a drawing, computer-generated image, etc.)
• real picture or story (as opposed to fiction, imaginary scene, etc.); describing actual scenes (in writing, drawings, paintings, etc.); documentary (film)

noun:

• heavy rotation; frequently broadcasting or listening to the same music; frequently wearing the same outfit - abbreviation ➜ ヘビーローテーション

noun:

• menko; children's game in which thick circular or rectangular cards are slapped down on the ground to overturn other cards - Ōsaka dialect ➜ めんこ

noun:

• person in the same business; the profession; the trade

noun:

• the whole nation; all the people in the land - four character idiom

noun:

• the average Joe; the man in the street

noun:

• net in (tennis); netball falling in

expression:

• the frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean - proverb

noun:

• tone mark; mark placed in one of the four corners of a hanzi to show the tone in Chinese

noun:

• tone mark; mark placed in one of the four corners of a hanzi to show the tone in Chinese ➜ 声点

noun:

• beginning character or characters that uniquely identify a poem in the Hyakunin Isshu (esp. used in competitive karuta) ➜ 百人一首【ひゃくにんいっしゅ】