noun:

• (metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto)
• the centre or seat (of) (center)
• (government) office

expression:

• with great vigour; in leaps and bounds; with the force of surging waves [literal]

noun:

• samurai and commoners
• normal people (as opposed to people of a high social standing)

expression:

• slow and steady wins the race; there is luck in the last helping - proverb

noun:

• nut (on the head of a shamisen, supporting the second and third strings)

noun:

• torture in which the victim is bound and placed in a tub of snakes

suffix:

• suffix indicating room size (following a number of tatami mats and a counter)

noun:

• anticipating the escape of the king and blocking him in advance with a knight - Shōgi term

noun:

• road-rail vehicle (vehicle which can travel both on railroad tracks and normal roads)

noun:

• shiku-kaisei city planning; city renewal that occurred in the Taisho and Meiji eras

noun:

• eave-end roof tile (comprising a broadly concave tile and near-rectangular decorative cap) ➜ 平瓦・瓦当

noun:

• Delhi Dynasties; the Mamluk, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties of India ➜ デリースルタン朝

noun:

• thick roof shingle (1-3 cm thick, used for shrine buildings and noh stages) ➜ 栩葺き

noun:

• system that allows for the construction of highways and buildings in the same space

noun:

• skillful tanka poet ➜ 短歌
• official in charge of court poetry and music (ritsuryo period)
• poet

noun:

• roasted barley flour ➜ 麦こがし
• parched flour with various ingredients added and drunk in hot water

noun:

• the three kilesas that poison the heart of man (greed, hatred and delusion) - from 貪欲, 瞋恚 and 愚痴 - Buddhism term ➜ 煩悩・三毒

noun:

• paleolagine lagomorph (Paleolaginae spp., incl. the Amami rabbit and the red rock hares)

noun:

• redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii, fish of the family Cichlidae found in Africa and Eurasia)

noun:

• miso mixed with minced great burdock, ginger, etc. and sweetened with sugar ➜ 味噌

noun:

• survivability; military term for the ability to withstand an attack and continue to function

noun:

• having only tiles of one suit and no honor tiles (yaku) - Mahjong term - From Chinese ➜ 清一色

auxiliary verb:

• indicates respect for the one performing an action and politeness to the listener - after a monosyllable imperfective form verb - archaism - female language - polite language

noun:

• scaffolding and temporary roof placed around a shrine, temple, etc. undergoing repair; protective scaffolding

noun:

• thick toast with honey (and often with fruit, icecream, etc.) - From English "honey toast"