expression:

• cream rises to the top; a drill in a bag (will always poke through) [literal] - proverb

noun:

• loading goods on a truck - From English "vanning"
• remodelling a station wagon, light van, etc.

expression / adjective:

• unable to move; held up; swamped; stuck between a rock and a hard place - idiom

noun:

• fact; (a) truth
• realistic portrayal of an ordinary event (by a wise man) ［じつごと］ - in kabuki

noun:

• checking of a text (usu. translation) by a native speaker - From English "native check"

noun / ~する noun:

• staying for two or more nights in a row (e.g. at a hotel)

noun:

• challenging members of a dojo to a fight and demanding money upon winning

noun / ~する noun:

• helping a long-term employee to establish a branch of the same shop

noun:

• root (of a plant)
• root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.)
• root (of all evil, etc.); source; origin; cause; basis
• one's true nature
• (fishing) reef

noun:

• seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; kind; variety; quality; tone
• material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); subject; theme; (news) copy
• ingredient; leaven (bread); main ingredient of a sushi - Food term
• cause; source
• trick; secret; magician's trick; inside story
• paternal blood; lineage ➜ 胤
• breed (of a stock); sperm; semen

noun:

• falsely-provoked arrest for obstruction; police pretending to be knocked down so as to have grounds for an arrest ➜ 公妨

adverb:

• so to speak; so to call it; as it were

conjunction:

• be that as it may; even so; though that be so

noun:

• principle of virtuous government; virtue as the principle of good government

noun:

• accent (on a syllable, word); stress; pitch accent
• intonation; inflection; cadence
• (language) accent (e.g. American, British)
• accent (e.g. in a design); highlight; emphasis
• accent (on a note) - Music term

noun:

• a single word; (not even) a word; (not even) a syllable - four character idiom

expression:

• each ministry thinks only of its own good, but not of the good of the country; when there are ministries, there is no country [literal] - proverb

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to attain
• to lead to (a place); to get to
• in the extreme case of - as ～に至っては
• to come; to arrive; to result in - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• pitching a tent; putting up a shack or tent (e.g. a circus tent)

noun:

• (theater, circus, etc.) tent or shack

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to start (e.g. a scene, a war, etc.)
• to end (e.g. a play, an episode, an event, etc.)

noun:

• proportion of forested land; proportion of land which is forested

intransitive verb / yodan ~る verb (archaic):

• to go; to come - honorific language - archaism ➜ いらっしゃる
• to be - honorific language - archaism ➜ いらっしゃる

auxiliary verb / yodan ~る verb (archaic):

• is (doing); are (doing) - honorific language - archaism ➜ いらっしゃる

intransitive verb / yodan ~る verb (archaic):

• to be - after で - polite language - archaism ➜ ござる

noun:

• older brother; elder brother - honorific language ➜ お兄さん
• brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship)
• young man; buddy; fella; laddie - vocative

expression:

• to (an extent); up to; so far as; even - more emphatic than まで ➜ 迄【まで】
• doesn't amount to doing ...; not significant enough to require ... - usu. as 〜までもない
• even if ... - usu. as 〜ないまでも

temporal noun:

• that much; as much; to that extent; only that; that alone; no more than that