noun:

• ornament
• dead body used to test a blade
• unlicensed prostitute who always works out of the same cathouse

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.)
• to intersect; to cross; to interlace

suffix / godan ~す verb:

• ... with one another; ... to each other - after the -masu stem of a verb

noun:

• series; sequence; system; succession
• keiretsu (group); conglomeration of businesses linked by cross-shareholdings

~の noun:

• affiliated; subsidiary

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be turned inside out
• to betray; to double-cross
• to break into falsetto; to crack into falsetto; to squeak; to croak; to quaver

noun / ~する noun:

• official certification; official approval; inspection; verification

noun:

• certification examination; licensing examination; proficiency test - abbreviation ➜ 検定試験
• hypothesis testing - Mathematics term ➜ 仮説検定【かせつけんてい】

noun:

• title; subject; theme; topic
• problem (on a test); question

suffix noun / counter:

• counter for questions (on a test)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to receive; to get
• to catch (e.g. a ball)
• to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)
• to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)
• to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)
• to be given (e.g. life, talent) - esp. 受ける, 享ける

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by) - esp. ウケる - colloquialism - usually written using kana alone

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to follow; to succeed; to be descended from - esp. 受ける, 享ける
• to face (south, etc.)
• to be modified by - esp. 受ける, 承ける - Linguistics term
• to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee - esp. 請ける, now primarily used in compound words ➜ 請け出す

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well - esp. ウケる, うける - usually written using kana alone

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to cut; to cut through; to perform (surgery)
• to sever (connections, ties) ➜ 縁を切る
• to turn off (e.g. the light)
• to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to disconnect ➜ 電話を切る
• to punch (a ticket); to tear off (a stub)
• to open (something sealed)
• to start
• to set (a limit); to do (something) in less or within a certain time; to issue (stamps, vouchers, etc.)
• to reduce; to decrease; to discount ➜ 値切る
• to shake off (water, etc.); to let drip-dry; to let drain
• to cross; to traverse
• to criticize sharply
• to act decisively; to do (something noticeable); to go first; to make (certain facial expressions, in kabuki)
• to turn (vehicle, steering wheel, etc.)
• to curl (a ball); to bend; to cut
• to shuffle (cards)
• to discard a tile - Mahjong term
• to dismiss; to sack; to let go; to expulse; to excommunicate
• to dig (a groove); to cut (a stencil, on a mimeograph)
• to trump ➜ 切り札
• to cut (the connection between two groups) (in go)
• to start a fire (with wood-wood friction or by striking a metal against stone) - also written as 鑽る
• to draw (a shape) in the air (with a sword, etc.)

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

• to finish; to complete - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 疲れきる

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to swell (out); to expand; to be inflated; to distend; to bulge
• to get cross; to get sulky; to pout

noun / ~する noun:

• bridge building; bridge ➜ 橋架け
• cross-linking

noun:

• fumi-e; fumie; tablet bearing Christian images, on which Edo-period authorities forced suspected Christians to trample
• allegiance test; loyalty test - idiom

noun:

• achieve
• achievement test - abbreviation ➜ アチーブメントテスト

noun:

• Japanese children's game
• preliminary test to eliminate weak contenders - sensitive

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to pass the peak (of something); to get through the most difficult part; to be over the worst (e.g. an illness) - idiom
• to cross a pass - orig. meaning

noun:

• crossed fingers and word said to call someone to be avoided as 'dirty' - children's language

~する noun:

• to cross one's fingers (to ward off 'dirt')

noun / ~する noun:

• (apostatizing through) trampling on a fumi-e; trampling on a tablet bearing Christian images ➜ 踏み絵

noun:

• allegiance test; loyalty test ➜ 踏み絵

expression / ichidan verb:

• to pass the peak (of something); to get through the most difficult part; to be over the worst (e.g. an illness) - idiom ➜ 峠を越す
• to cross a pass - orig. meaning

noun:

• close play - usu. baseball - Sports term
• cross-play (video games); cross-platform play ［クロスプレイ］

ichidan verb:

• to multiply - Mathematics term
• to crossbreed; to cross-breed; to cross; to cross-fertilize; to hybridize; to mate

noun:

• touchstone; Lydian stone
• touchstone (e.g. of success); test; litmus test

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to turn over (in one's sleep); to toss and turn (in bed)
• to change sides; to double-cross; to betray

noun / suffix noun / ~する noun:

• boom; rage; fad

noun:

• boom; cross-arm

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of
• to run (between); to operate (between); to connect - of public transport
• to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in
• to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through
• to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout
• to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far
• to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed
• to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted
• to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for
• to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense
• to get across (e.g. of one's point); to be understood
• to be straight (e.g. wood grain)
• to be well-informed; to be wise - archaism

suffix / godan ~る verb:

• to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly - after the -masu stem of a verb

noun / ~の noun:

• number one; first; first place

adverb:

• best; most

noun:

• game; round; bout

adverb:

• as a test; as an experiment; by way of experiment; by way of trial; tentatively ➜ 試しに

noun:

• song (e.g. in noh); piece

numeric:

• four

noun:

• four years of age
• ten o'clock (old time system)
• cross grips - Sumo term ➜ 四つ身