noun / ~の noun:

• essence; quintessence; spirit; soul; heart; pith; pith and marrow

adjectival noun / adverbial noun / noun:

• very hard; with utmost effort; with all one's might; desperately; frantically; for dear life; all-out effort; sticking at living in and defending one place - four character idiom ➜ 一生懸命
• sticking at living in one place

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• winding; meandering; wriggling; wiggling; waving; swaying; twisting and turning - onomatopoeia

noun:

• gas range; gas burner; gas ring; hot plate; gas cooker; gas cooktop; esp. table-top unit with two or more burners and a fish oven - From English "gas table" ➜ ガス台

noun:

• daily life; daily routine; while awake or asleep; at all times; day in, day out; constantly; the four cardinal behaviors - walking, standing, sitting and lying [literal] - four character idiom

adverb:

• in general; generally; mostly; roughly; largely; mainly; on the whole; by and large

noun:

• gist; point; main idea

adverb:

• anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case; all kinds of this; this and that

pronoun:

• that way (direction distant from both speaker and listener); over there; yonder ➜ 何方【どちら】・此方【こちら】・其方
• that one (something physically distant from both speaker and listener, or something not visible but known by both speaker and listener); that
• that person (someone physically distant from both speaker and listener, or someone not present but known by both speaker and listener) - あちら is pol.
• there (place distant from both speaker and listener); over there; foreign country (esp. a Western nation)

pronoun:

• there (place physically distant from both speaker and listener); over there; that place; yonder; you-know-where ➜ どこ・ここ・そこ

noun:

• genitals; private parts ［あそこ・あすこ・アソコ］ - colloquialism
• that far (something psychologically distant from both speaker and listener); that much; that point ➜ あれほど

noun:

• that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly) ➜ 何れ・此れ・其れ
• that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors)
• over there - archaism
• down there (i.e. one's genitals) ［あれ］ - colloquialism
• period; menses ［あれ］ - colloquialism

interjection:

• hey (expression of surprise, suspicion, etc.); huh?; eh?

noun:

• that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)

pre-noun adjectival:

• that (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener) ➜ 何の【どの】・此の・其の・彼【あれ】

adverbial noun / noun / ~の noun:

• other (esp. people and abstract matters)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to tell; to exemplify; to make apparent
• to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.)
• to indicate; to show; to represent; to signify; to display

noun / ~する noun:

• taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods ); medieval times; mediaeval times

noun / ~の noun:

• season (fruits and vegetables, sporting, holidays)

adverb:

• (not so) much; (not) very

noun / ~する noun:

• (husband and wife) both working; dual income ➜ 共稼ぎ

noun:

• bow (and arrow) - ゆ is usu. a prefix
• archery
• bow (for a violin, etc.)

noun:

• Dear (so and so); Dear Sir; Dear Madam; To Whom It May Concern - letters beginning with this typically end with 敬具

noun / ~する noun:

• locking up (doors and windows); fastening the doors

noun / ~する noun:

• (husband and wife) earning a living together

noun:

• Ministry of Labour (now Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) ➜ 厚生労働省

noun:

• deviation value (usu. scaled to mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and often used for academic grades); deviation; T-score; standard score

noun / ~する noun:

• investigation (esp. in academic and scientific contexts)