noun:

• Southern Cross (asterism formed with the brightest four stars of the constellation Crux) - Astronomy term ➜ 南十字星

noun:

• standard days signifying the changing of the seasons (i.e. setsubun, higan, etc.)

noun:

• neo-Confucianism (based on the teaching of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi) - obscure term ➜ 宋学

noun:

• defilement; impurity; affliction - Buddhism term
• object (perceived with the mind or the senses)

numeric:

• one billionth

noun:

• aureole (of a Buddhist statue; surrounding the body but not the head); aureola

noun:

• the three tones of Chinese that exclude the high-level, or first, tone

expression:

• one thing after another; out of the frying pan and into the fire - idiom

noun:

• incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion ➜ 序でに

noun:

• nut (on the head of a shamisen, supporting the second and third strings) - obscure term ➜ 上駒

noun:

• Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)

noun:

• ceremony honouring the spirits of ancestors (esp. the Bon festival) ➜ 霊祭【れいさい】・盂蘭盆

noun:

• eisa (Okinawan folk dance that marks the end of the Bon festival)

noun:

• Panthalassa; vast global ocean during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic periods

noun:

• street with tramline; railroad track
• railroading the opponent straight out of the ring - Sumo term ➜ 電車道相撲

noun:

• hoverboard; hover board; fictional hovering skateboard from the Back to the Future series

noun:

• cutting off the head
• shaping the flowers and leaves of a plant

noun:

• province of the second highest rank (ritsuryo system)
• provinces close to the capital

noun:

• mob; crowd of people
• background character (in a manga, anime, etc.); mob (in a video game); non-playable character ［モブ］

noun:

• female role (e.g. in film); female part
• occupation deemed fit for a woman
• passive role in a male homosexual relationship - slang

noun:

• being driven to the wall; finding oneself between the devil and the deep blue sea; finding oneself between a rock and a hard place - four character idiom

adjectival noun / noun:

• dissatisfaction with the work (role) given to one; feeling oneself above the given work (role)
• not up to the task; (being) out of one's depth - colloquialism ➜ 力不足【ちからぶそく】

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to take measures (in face of events being anticipated)
• to come to an agreement (in bargaining, etc.); to strike a bargain
• to clap one's hands together

noun:

• staying the night (of an itinerant priest in Zen buddhism); itinerant priest's lodging - Buddhism term
• providing a room for an itinerant priest so that he may meditate for a long period of time - Buddhism term

noun:

• difference in elevation (between two points in a body of water); head; drop (e.g. of a waterfall); fall distance
• difference; gap

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to plant oneself; to settle in
• to be well-established (e.g. of a religion in a particular area); to have taken root