noun:

• outcasts common around the Kyoto region from the Kamakura period to the Edo period

noun:

• in calligraphy, a style of holding the brush between the thumb and the index and middle fingers ➜ 単鉤法

noun / ~する noun:

• kneeling with the balls of the feet on the floor and sitting on one's heels ➜ 正座【せいざ】

noun:

• closing recital that transfers the merit of the service to a buddha, a bodhisattva, or the dead - Buddhism term

noun:

• consideration (in contract law, the thing given or done by the promisee in exchange for the promise)

expression:

• variant of "de arimasu" used by the prostitutes of the Yoshiwara red light district in the Edo period ➜ ありんす

noun:

• groove in a shamisen player's fingernail caused by the friction of the string of the instrument ➜ 糸道【いとみち】

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to repeat the mistake of somebody; to make the same mistake as that of ...; to follow the rut of the preceding cart [literal] ➜ 轍を踏む

noun:

• the world and the nation; the state of the world; high affairs of state - four character idiom

noun:

• invoking the coercive power of the state; calling upon the power of the state

expression:

• words can lead to disaster; the tongue is the root of calamities; the more you open your mouth the more likely you are to put your foot in it - proverb

noun:

• Mt Sumeru (in Buddhism - said to be the highest mountain rising in the center of the world) (centre)

noun:

• (member of the generation born in) the first nine years of the Shōwa period (from 1926 to 1934) - four character idiom

noun:

• Imperial official in charge of communication between the shogunate and the court (during the Muromachi and Edo periods) - four character idiom

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• tarsal (relating to the tarsus - a group of small bones between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus)

expression:

• the student has become the master; blue dye comes from the indigo plant and is bluer than indigo [literal] - proverb

noun:

• Potsdam Orders (commands made after the Japanese surrender based on the demands of the Potsdam Declaration) ➜ ポツダム宣言

noun:

• days on which Ten'ichijin is in heaven (the 30th to the 45th days of the sexagenary cycle) ➜ 天一神・癸巳・戊申

noun:

• cold wind blowing at Lake Biwa around the 24th day of the second month of the lunisolar calendar ➜ 法華八講

noun:

• selling out before the price drops (usu. shares); selling at the top of the market

expression:

• the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence; other people's flowers are redder [literal] - proverb

noun:

• banishment (to a nearby province); the least severe of the three banishment punishments under the ritsuryo system

noun:

• one (esp. of two); the other; one way; the other way; one direction; the other direction; one side; the other side; one party; the other party

conjunction:

• on the one hand; on the other hand ➜ 他方
• whereas; although; but at the same time; meanwhile; in turn

adverbial noun / suffix noun:

• just keeps; being inclined to ...; tending to be ...; tending to do ...; continuously ...; just keeps on ...ing; only - after noun, adjective-stem or plain verb

noun:

• kindling burned in shrines and temples - archaism
• special kindling used in samurai families during the Edo period for the 15th of the first month and painted with 12 brush strokes (13 on a lucky year) - archaism
• kindling offered by officials to the imperial court during the ritsuryo period - archaism

noun:

• Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari)
• the Minamoto family