noun:

• survival of the fittest; the law of the jungle; the weak are meat the strong do eat [literal] - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• returning to Tokyo
• returning to the capital - orig. meaning

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to hit the bottom; to bottom out

noun / suffix noun:

• system; organization; organisation; imperial command; laws; regulation; control; government; suppression; restraint; holding back; establishment

noun:

• backing; support; backer; supporter; patron; sponsor
• shield that protects one's back

noun:

• double-dealer; timeserver; moving back and forth between two sides in a conflict - four character idiom

noun:

• double-dealer; timeserver; moving back and forth between two sides in a conflict - four character idiom

expression / noun:

• going back and forth; changing scenery (theatre); fluctuation (e.g. in a market)

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms
• to affect adversely; to spoil; to ruin; to undermine; to gnaw at (one's heart, body, etc.); to eat into; to destroy

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to entrust (a matter) to; to leave to
• to abandon oneself to (e.g. pleasure); to yield to (e.g. anger); to devote oneself to

noun:

• truths of the cessation of suffering and of the way to the cessation of suffering - Buddhism term ➜ 道諦・滅諦

noun / counter:

• swing; shake; wave; swinging

noun:

• appearance; behaviour - usually written using kana alone
• pretence (pretense); show; pretending (to) - oft. after a noun+の or verb in the dictionary form - usually written using kana alone ➜ 振りをする

noun / ~の noun:

• going to restaurant, hotel etc. without a reservation or introduction - usually written using kana alone

noun:

• move (dance); postures
• lead in (e.g. to a running joke, asking a question); lead up - oft. as フリ - usually written using kana alone ➜ 前振り
• unsewn part of a hanging sleeve on a traditional Japanese woman's garment

suffix / counter:

• counter for swords, blades, etc.

noun:

• not wearing underwear or pants - archaism

expression:

• first; firstly; first of all; to begin with; in the beginning; at the beginning
• Introduction; Preface - as section heading of a book, etc. - usually written using kana alone

noun / ~する noun:

• national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners) ➜ 開国

noun:

• sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

noun:

• voir dire (hearing to determine the admissibility of evidence, or the competency of a witness or juror)

noun:

• heavy rotation; frequently broadcasting or listening to the same music; frequently wearing the same outfit - abbreviation ➜ ヘビーローテーション

expression:

• what did you do?
• is anything the matter?; what seems to be the problem?; can I help you?

noun:

• small boat used for transport on rivers (Edo period); barge; boat used for unloading goods from a large anchored boat ➜ 瀬取り船
• boat with a roof used for boating on a river
• small boat selling food and drinks on a river - archaism

adverb / ~の noun:

• a few years ago; some years back

noun:

• back seat (of a car); rear seat

expression:

• one cannot take back one's words

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to make (e.g. mistake)
• to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to transgress; to contravene
• to rape; to violate; to ravish; to deflower

noun:

• front facing display (e.g. books displayed on a shelf with the cover facing out); forward facing display ➜ 平積み【ひらづみ】・面出し【めんだし】

expression:

• The time has come (for, to, when...); The time being ripe (for) - four character idiom

noun:

• checking (if an arrow has hit its target); marking; person who checks if an arrow has hit its target