expression:

• complete reversal of values or ways of thinking (over time); What appeared wrong in the past now appears right; realizing and regretting the past errors of one's ways - four character idiom

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to be at one's wit's end; to be in great trouble; to be at a loss

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to become thin; to lose weight; to reduce (one's) weight; to slim
• to be barren; to be infertile; to be sterile

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to insert; to put in ➜ 差す
• to plant (a cutting); to strike ➜ 挿し木
• to arrange (flowers) ➜ 挿し花
• to wear (a sword) in one's belt ➜ 差す
• to shut; to close; to lock; to fasten ➜ 鎖す【さす】

noun:

• inscription on the bathtub of King Tang ("If you can renovate yourself one day, then you can do so every day, and keep doing so day after day.")

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to get dirty; to become dirty
• to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity ➜ 汚れる【けがれる】

lower nidan verb (archaic) / intransitive verb:

• to get dirty; to become dirty - archaism ➜ 汚れる【よごれる】
• to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity - archaism ➜ 汚れる【よごれる】

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to twist; to turn; to writhe (e.g. in pain); to twist around; to turn in one's seat

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to blame; to reproach; to censure; to rebuke; to reprove; to find fault; to take to task; to criticize; to criticise
• to question (a suspect); to challenge

ichidan verb:

• to aggravate (an injury); to be aggravated; to get inflamed

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to prick (one's conscience) ➜ 気が咎める

noun:

• breaking up a match on doctor's orders (in boxing, etc.) - From English "doctor stop"
• being ordered by one's doctor to give up such habits as drinking, smoking, overeating, etc.

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to cool (from room temperature); to chill; to refrigerate
• to calm down; to cool off; to regain one's composure; to relax
• to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• auxiliary verb indicating the causative - せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す
• auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something - usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc. - humble language
• auxiliary verb used as an honorific for others' actions - as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc. - honorific language

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to say incorrectly; to use the wrong words; to make a slip of the tongue
• to forget to say; to miss one's chance to say

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to shake; to jolt; to rock; to swing; to sway
• to shake (e.g. the political world); to disturb; to shock; to upset
• to put off a batter (by varying one's type of pitch) - Baseball term

expression / ichidan verb:

• to bow; to bow one's head
• to apologize; to apologise
• to bow to; to yield to; to admire

noun:

• single-parent family; one-parent family; single-parent household

expression:

• it's hard to cut one's ties to close relatives even if they are wicked; you don't cut your finger off just because it's dirty [literal] - proverb

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• failing to properly evaluate the (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the cause for the end; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; getting one's priorities backwards - four character idiom

noun:

• being kept standing (without doing anything); remaining on one's feet
• beggar; tramp
• prostitute; streetwalker
• tout (for a hostess bar)
• street drug pusher
• day laborer standing and waiting for a job.

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms
• to affect adversely; to spoil; to ruin; to undermine; to gnaw at (one's heart, body, etc.); to eat into; to destroy

noun:

• samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) ［さんまい］ - Buddhism term - From Sanskrit

suffix noun:

• being immersed in; being absorbed in; indulging in; doing to one's heart's content - usu. ざんまい
• prone to; apt to - usu. ざんまい

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to mistake one thing for another; to mix up two things; to confuse two things; to take by mistake
• to misunderstand; to misapprehend

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be attentive to small details
• to be attentive to others (or others' concerns)
• to have one's mind turn groundlessly to something negative

expression / ichidan verb:

• to raise one's hand or hands - usu. 手を挙げる
• to surrender - usu. 手を上げる
• to raise a hand to someone (as a threat to strike) - usu. 手を上げる
• to improve - usu. 手を上げる ➜ 腕を上げる

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to shrivel up in fear; to tremble in fear; one's testicles shrivel up [literal]