godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to freeze; to congeal
• to concentrate one's attention on; to devote oneself to something; to ponder; to meditate

noun:

• group of languages (i.e. the Romance languages, considered as a subset of the Italic languages)
• group of words

noun:

• lucky tea (var. of tea made from sea tangle, black soybeans, pepper, pickled plums, etc. and drunk on festive occasions); New Year tea

noun:

• deviation-value-oriented education; education focussed on test results; education that stresses studying and passing exams to raise one's ranking; academic cramming

noun:

• son (of others); boy; young master - honorific language
• green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world

noun:

• part of the fabric that is tucked closest to the skin when wearing a garment that is wrapped in front of one (such as a kimono) ➜ 上前

noun:

• speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis, species of fresh water requiem shark from the western Pacific known only from the original description of 1839)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to put clothes on (someone)
• to plate; to gild; to veneer
• to accuse (of some crime); to give (a bad name)

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to bear; to carry on one's back ➜ 背負う
• to take responsibility for; to accept a duty
• to be injured
• to owe

godan ~く verb:

• to dawdle; to waste time doing nothing in particular
• to fret; to sulk; to complain
• to rain on and off

noun:

• technique of holding one's opponent's arm to prevent him from getting a hold on one's belt - Sumo term

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to depend on somebody for food and lodging - idiom
• to be treated coldly; to be kept in a low position - idiom

expression / noun:

• person who tags along; hanger-on; person who follows someone around like a shadow; clingy person; goldfish feces [literal] - idiom

noun:

• full moon; 15th day of the lunar calendar
• full moon of the eighth lunar month ［もちづき］

noun / adjectival noun:

• the point of an argument being clearly stated; the tenor of an argument being well-reasoned - four character idiom

adverb / noun:

• unsparingly; without listening to the other party; without giving the other party a chance to explain

noun:

• Institute for the Study of Western Books (Edo period); Institute for the Investigation of Foreign Books

noun:

• candlelight service (e.g. in a church)
• ceremony during a wedding reception where the bride and the groom go from table to table lighting a candle at each

~す verb (precursor to modern する) / intransitive verb:

• to insist on; to cling to; to adhere to - archaism

adverbial noun:

• once; one time; on one occasion
• temporarily; for a moment ［ひとたび］
• one degree; one tone; one musical interval ［いちど］

expression:

• complete reversal of values or ways of thinking (over time); What appeared wrong in the past now appears right; realizing and regretting the past errors of one's ways - four character idiom

noun:

• upper reaches (of a river); upper stream Antonym: 下【しも】
• top; upper part; upper half (of the body)
• long ago
• beginning; first
• person of high rank (e.g. the emperor) - honorific language ➜ 御上
• government; imperial court
• imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto); capital region (i.e. Kansai); region (or direction of) the imperial palace ➜ 上方【かみがた】
• head (of a table)
• wife; mistress (of a restaurant) - honorific language

adverb:

• one after another; one after the other; in rotation

noun / ~する noun:

• exchanging one after the other; changing repeatedly

noun:

• large cut (e.g. of meat) ［大切り・大切］
• last piece of the day's programme; last act of a play; comic dialogue as the last item in vaudeville, music hall, etc.

noun:

• ratio of the margin of loss of an electoral candidate in a single-constituent district (used to break ties when determining the representative of a proportionally represented district)