godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to demarcate; to delimit; to divide (an area); to mark off; to cut off - esp. 区切る
• to punctuate; to put an end to (e.g. a sentence); to insert pauses or breaks (e.g. when reading aloud) - esp. 句切る

noun:

• conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on
• to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on

noun:

• "Helping Hands" comedy performance; performance in which one person wears a haori on their shoulders, while another person behind them puts their arms through the sleeves of the haori and feeds the person in front ➜ 羽織

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to descend; to go down; to come down
• to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.)
• to pass (of time)
• to surrender; to capitulate
• to be less than; to be inferior to - often in neg. form
• to have the runs; to have diarrhea - also written as 瀉る ➜ 腹が下る
• to pass (in stool); to be discharged from the body
• to depreciate oneself; to be humble - archaism

noun:

• big moment (e.g. performance, in the spotlight); gala occasion; (on the) world stage ➜ 晴れ舞台

adverb:

• from now on; in the future; hereafter; ahead of us; down the road

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to take the lead in; to control; to be the leader

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be in the news; to be talked about; to become a popular topic of conversation; to become the talk of the town; to become topical

noun:

• the wise readily adapt themselves to changed circumstances; the wise are quick to acknowledge their mistakes and correct them - four character idiom
• (in colloquial usage, ironically or as an excuse) the wise make no scruple in suddenly changing their demeanor

~する verb (spec.):

• to come to (in the end); to end in
• to attribute; to blame

godan ~す verb / ~す verb (precursor to modern する):

• to come to (in the end); to end in ➜ 帰する
• to attribute; to blame

noun:

• menko; children's game in which thick circular or rectangular cards are slapped down on the ground to overturn other cards - Ōsaka dialect ➜ めんこ

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to take along; to hold in the hand
• to hang (e.g. from the shoulder or waist) ➜ 下げる【さげる】

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to pinch; to hold (between one's fingers); to pick up (with chopsticks, tweezers, etc.)
• to pick up and eat; to snack on
• to pick out (the main point); to summarize; to sum up
• to bewitch; to possess; to fascinate - usu. as つままれる

noun:

• commentary (on any of the 384 lines of the hexagrams in the Book of Changes)

noun:

• day of the boar in the tenth month ➜ 亥の子
• mochi eaten on the day of the boar (esp. at the time of the boar)

expression / adverb:

• just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; in the time it takes to say "ah!" [literal]

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to blunder; to bungle; to fail - archaism
• to use up all one's money (esp. on the services of prostitutes) - archaism

noun:

• reading a book in turn

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to put back up; to stand back up
• to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to reorganize; to rearrange; to put right; to recover; to put back on its feet
• to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate; to revise

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to throw down; to bring down; to blow down; to fell; to knock down; to set (something) down on its side; to turn (something) on its side ［倒す］
• to kill; to defeat; to beat
• to overthrow; to trip up; to ruin ［倒す］
• to leave unpaid; to cheat ［倒す］

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to row; to scull; to paddle ➜ 舟を漕ぐ
• to pedal (e.g. bicycle)
• to swing (on a swing)
• to operate a hand pump
• to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)

expression:

• by reading books you can count the wise philosophers of the past as friends (Mencius) - four character idiom

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to put an end (to); to close the books (on) ➜ ピリオドを打つ