noun:

• (of Chinese) pronunciation of kanji without a medial between the initial consonant and center vowel
• (of Japanese) the long "o" vowel arising from combination of the "a" and "u" sounds

expression / prefix:

• to allow oneself to ...; to take the liberty of ... - with noun+する or noun+をverb

expression:

• it is presumed that; (I, we) presume that
• on one's own accord; by one's arbitrary decision ➜ 勝手に

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to nip off; to snip; to clip; to trim off

noun / ~する noun:

• exercising self-restraint and conforming to the rules of etiquette and formality - four character idiom

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to spoil someone's start; to kill someone's enthusiasm; to take the wind out of someone's sails

~する verb (spec.):

• to penetrate; to sink in
• to devote oneself (to); to do intently and exclusively
• to do throughout (e.g. the night)

noun:

• with no one upon whom to depend; utter loneliness; the lonely and the helpless; people who have no kith or kin - four character idiom

noun:

• earth; soil; dirt; clay; mud
• the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; the land
• low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud) ➜ 鳥の子紙
• (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō) - also written as 犯土, 椎, 槌 ➜ 陰陽道

noun:

• part of the feet from the ankles to the tips of the toes

noun:

• imperial palace; person living in the imperial palace (esp. the emperor) - honorific language ➜ 内裏
• festival dolls representing the emperor and the empress - polite language ➜ 内裏雛

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be the first to speak; to break the silence - idiom
• to open something for the first time; to broach (e.g. a cask); to break a seal; to break open

noun:

• the seven treasures and many other precious things; all the treasures in the world - four character idiom

expression:

• quick to take a hint; very responsive; quick on the uptake ➜ ツーカー

expression / noun:

• pleasant memory to take to the afterlife; good memory; something that makes one feel one can die in peace

noun:

• government and people; those in and out of the court or government; the entire nation

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be indicated as the winner of a bout by the raising of the referee's fan - Sumo term
• to be declared the winner - idiom

noun:

• flowers reflected on a mirror and the moon reflected on the water's surface; something that is visible but having no substance; the subtle and profound beauty of poems that cannot be described in words - four character idiom

expression / ichidan verb:

• to rake over the coals; to scold; to chastise; to roast - idiom ➜ 灸を据える
• to burn moxa on the skin - orig. meaning ➜ 灸を据える

expression / ichidan ~くれる verb (spec.):

• to take out (e.g. garbage); to put out (e.g. dishes on table); to serve (e.g. meal); to get out (e.g. food from cupboard); to submit (e.g. ideas, opinions); to provide for; to pay for; to foot the bill

expression / godan ~つ verb:

• to forestall; to beat to the punch; to anticipate
• to play the first move (e.g. in go)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to rake over the coals; to scold; to chastise; to roast - idiom
• to burn moxa on the skin - orig. meaning

noun:

• Bellows Festival; festival for blacksmiths and foundries on the eighth day of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar, on which they would clean their bellows and pray

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to throw something to each other; to pass something back and forth; to bandy something around
• to take part in a pitching duel - Baseball term

noun:

• comparing autumn leaves to a garment
• layered garments that mimic the colours of autumn leaves (worn from the 9th to the 11th month of the lunar calendar)

adverbial noun / noun:

• all over the country; throughout the land; every nook and cranny of the land - four character idiom