noun:

• upper reaches (of a river); upper stream Antonym: 下【しも】
• top; upper part; upper half (of the body)
• long ago
• beginning; first
• person of high rank (e.g. the emperor) - honorific language ➜ 御上
• government; imperial court
• imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto); capital region (i.e. Kansai); region (or direction of) the imperial palace ➜ 上方【かみがた】
• head (of a table)
• wife; mistress (of a restaurant) - honorific language

noun / ~の noun:

• conveying the will of the governing to the governed; top-down (system) - four character idiom

godan ~す verb:

• to shoot down; to win; to gain

~する verb (spec.) / transitive:

• to write down; to note ➜ 記す
• to remember

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to stop writing; to put down one's pen; to close (a letter)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to sheathe one's sword; to lay down arms; to bury the hatchet

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to keep one's feet on the ground; to be down to earth - idiom

noun:

• Aikido technique, wherein the opponent is brought down by twisting his or her arm away from the body - Martial Arts term

noun / ~する noun:

• breathing in (of a foreign body, food, etc.); pulmonary aspiration; mis-swallowing; swallowing down the wrong pipe - Medicine term

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down

godan -いく／-ゆく verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to head (towards); to be transported (towards); to reach ➜ 来る【くる】
• to proceed; to take place - い sometimes omitted in auxiliary use ➜ 旨く行く
• to pass through; to come and go
• to walk
• to die; to pass away ［逝く］
• to do (in a specific way)
• to stream; to flow

auxiliary verb:

• to continue

godan -いく／-ゆく verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to have an orgasm; to come; to cum - usually written using kana alone
• to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination - usually written using kana alone - slang

noun:

• spine; line of the backbone
• seam down the back (of clothing)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to lie down; to retire; to go to bed (with an illness) ➜ 伏せる【ふせる】

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to trample down; to tread on
• to ignore; to spurn

noun / ~する noun:

• ups and downs; bobbing up and down; rising and falling; ebbing and flowing

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to be in a miserable state; to be down and out

noun / ~する noun:

• trampling down snow on a path

noun:

• foot-worn instrument for trampling snow

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to underrate; to belittle; to look down on; to despise

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to settle (in a place); to settle down

expression / ~する verb (irregular):

• to reject (a manuscript); to turn down (a proposal)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be transmitted (handed down) from generation to generation

~する noun:

• to get down (from being carried); to get off (a vehicle) - from 降りる - children's language

noun:

• actual and hidden Antonym: 表向き
• inside out (e.g. socks); face down (e.g. cards)

noun:

• going down the road; travelling; traveling
• lyric composition describing scenery a traveler sees on the way (traveller)
• eloping

~と adverb:

• up and down; lightly; nimbly; moving in small leaps as a frog or rabbit - onomatopoeia
• casually; (strolling about) without a care - onomatopoeia ➜ ひょいひょい