noun:

• scale (i.e. hard water coating in a kettle, etc.); fur

noun:

• redundancy (in information theory) - IT term

noun:

• permanent establishment (in tax law) - Law term

noun:

• off topic (e.g. in a web forum) ➜ スレッド

noun:

• period of the northern and southern dynasties (in China, 5th-6th c. CE in Japan, 1336-92)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to shake one's head (in denial) ➜ 首を振る

noun:

• toad venom (used as an analgesic and cardiac stimulant in Chinese medicine)

noun:

• person who has died at his post (in the performance of his duties)

noun:

• national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)

noun:

• literary form imparting the nuance of polite speech (with sentences ending in "desu" and verbs ending in "masu") ➜ ですます体

noun / ~する noun:

• suspending publication (of serialized content in newspapers, magazines, etc.)

noun:

• radical evil (in Kantian philosophy)

noun:

• Trimma caudipunctatum (species of goby found in Japan and Palau)

noun:

• null pointer exception (esp. in Java) - IT term
• nonsense; rubbish - esp. ぬるぽ - slang

noun:

• deep-water catshark (Apristurus profundorum, species found in the Atlantic)

noun:

• hardnose shark (Carcharhinus macloti, species of requiem shark found in the Indo-West Pacific)

noun:

• Mertens' water monitor (Varanus mertensi, species of carnivorous monitor lizard found in northern Australia)

noun:

• (in Japan) 10th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. B) ➜ 十二律・南呂

noun:

• femur (in entomology)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to kick flying (often a person in sport, martial arts, etc.)

noun:

• student council (details vary widely but a body of students that takes part in overseeing student behaviour or student activities)

noun:

• lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus) (esp. one living in the mountains) ［山杜鵑］ ➜ 時鳥
• Tricyrtis macropoda (species of toad lily)

noun:

• gusset (esp. in kimono); gore

noun:

• fireman (in Edo) ➜ 定火消し
• problem-solver; fixer

noun:

• rare item (e.g. in RPG games)