expression / noun:

• lost twenty years [literal]
• period of economic stagnation in Japan that began ca. 1991 and not over in the 2010s

noun:

• roasted barley flour ➜ 麦こがし
• parched flour with various ingredients added and drunk in hot water

noun:

• essential part; indispensable part; unavoidable part; accompaniment; appendage; accessory
• front and back matter (of a book, magazine, etc.)

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• toddling; with small, quick steps - onomatopoeia
• restlessly; in continuous motion - onomatopoeia
• quickly and easily - onomatopoeia
• often; frequently; now and then; occasionally - onomatopoeia

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to be knotty (of a tree, etc.); to be gnarled
• to be rough and bony (hands, fingers, etc.); to be gnarled; to be knobby

noun / ~する noun:

• tiger's howling
• "being out and active in the world (of a hero, etc.)" [figurative]

adjectival noun / noun or verb acting prenominally:

• crumply (cloth, clothing, etc.); ruffled - onomatopoeia

~する noun:

• itchy and runny (nose) - onomatopoeia

noun:

• white vinegar; plum vinegar made without perilla ➜ ホワイトビネガー・梅酢【うめず】
• dressing consisting of a dashi-diluted mixture of vinegar, ground sesame, tofu, sugar and salt - Food term

noun:

• candlelight service (e.g. in a church)
• ceremony during a wedding reception where the bride and the groom go from table to table lighting a candle at each

noun:

• falling (down); tumbling (down); falling to the ground
• failure; failing
• renouncing Christianity and converting to Buddhism (during the Edo period); apostasy
• batter (construction technique)

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to rub in (e.g. cream into the skin)
• to grind and mix (e.g. pepper into miso)

noun / ~する noun:

• rolling about
• tossing and turning (in bed); jactitation; jactation ➜ 輾転反側

noun:

• chrysanthemum sake; rice wine infused with chrysanthemum, served on the Chrysanthemum Festival (September 9th, 9/9) - Food term ➜ 重陽
• strong mirin, typical of Kaga and Higo provinces - Food term ➜ 味醂【みりん】

noun:

• surpassing looks; exceptional appearance
• mind and appearance

noun / adjectival noun:

• commonplace; ordinary; trite
• informal and easy to understand (of writing, etc.)

adverb / ~と adverb:

• bubblingly; foamingly; sinking or rising while giving off bubbles - onomatopoeia ➜ ぶくぶく
• cute and chubby; pudgy; puffed up - onomatopoeia

noun:

• cold desert; tundra

noun or verb acting prenominally / noun:

• sharp and sarcastic without ever acting lovestruck - manga slang ➜ つんでれ・つんつん

noun:

• term used in translation; translation equivalent
• word borrowed and translated from another language

noun:

• orca (Orcinus orca); killer whale; grampus
• mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish (auspicious protectors of well-being) ［しゃち］ - abbreviation ➜ 鯱【しゃちほこ】

noun:

• wrapping something in a bamboo mat
• wrapping somebody in a bamboo mat and throwing him in a river (Edo period unofficial punishment)

noun:

• ring; link
• open spirals of heavy metal wire twisted into a kettle and used to lift it (tea ceremony)

noun:

• dish placed on the far side of the serving table (kaiseki cuisine); side dishes at a banquet (e.g. sashimi, salad, vinegared dish; not rice or soup) - Food term ➜ 懐石
• resting one's forehead on the chest of one's opponent and grabbing his belt - Sumo term

noun / adjectival noun:

• young orphan - archaism
• being alone and weak with no place to go to - archaism

noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• broadminded; magnanimous
• great and prosperous; vast

noun:

• sacking; bagging
• land that is surrounded by others' private property and is not directly accessible via public roads ➜ 裏地